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hdfs 2400 > Lesson 10: Middle Adulthood > Flashcards

Lesson 10: Middle Adulthood Flashcards

1
Q

meaning-mission fit

A

alignment between an executive’s personal intentions and their firm’s mission

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2
Q

social cognitive career theory (SCCT)

A

proposes that career choice is a result of the application of Bandura’s social cognitive theory, especially the concept of self-efficacy

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3
Q

vocational maturity

A

degree of congruence between people’s occupational behavior and what is expected of them at different ages

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4
Q

Holland’s theory deals with the relationship between occupation and _______

A

personality

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5
Q

Recent research has shown that job satisfaction does not increase consistently as a person ages, rather, satisfaction may be ______

A

cyclical

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6
Q

Two salient aspects of job dissatisfaction are alienation and _______.

A

burnout

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7
Q

What are the steps of vocational maturity?

A
  • Super
    1. implementation: early 20s, temporary jobs to learn work roles/explore choices
    2. stabilization: mid-20s to mid-30s, select spec occupation
    3. consolidation: mid-30s throughout life, advance up career ladder
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8
Q

glass ceiling

A

the level to which women may rise in an organization but beyond which they may not go

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9
Q

glass cliff

A

situation that women confront in which their leadership position is not secure

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10
Q

Three barriers to women’s occupational development are sex discrimination, the glass ceiling, and _______.

A

pay discrimination

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11
Q

One response to the pressures of a global economy and an aging workforce is to provide ________.

A

worker retraining

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12
Q

Which age group is most at risk for negative effects of job loss?

A

middle-aged adults

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13
Q

Explain Holland’s theories of occupational choice

A
  1. personality-type theory
  2. social cognitive career theory (SCCT)
    - occupational choice is complex involving interactions between many factors (personal beliefs, ethic/gender/economic factors)
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14
Q

personality-type theory

A

proposed by Holland: states that people choose occupations to optimize the fit between their individual traits and their occupational interests

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15
Q

SCCT (basic)

A

Includes:

  1. self-efficacy (your belief in your ability)
  2. outcome expectations (what you think will happen)
  3. interests
  4. choice goals
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16
Q

SCCT (complex)

A

Includes:

  1. self-efficacy (your belief in your ability)
  2. outcome expectations (what you think will happen)
  3. interests
  4. choice goals
    - ->adds two more
  5. supports (environmental things that will help you)
  6. barriers (environmental things that will block/frustrate you)
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17
Q

Define and describe how mentors are helpful to mentees as they climb the occupational ladder.

A

part-teacher/sponsor/model/counselor that facilitates on-the-job learning to help new hire do work required in present role and prepare for future roles
Teaches them to…
-avoid trouble
-invaluable information on unwritten rules
-helps them get noticed

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18
Q

Four phases of mentor relationship

A
  1. initiation
  2. cultivation - work together
  3. separation
  4. definition - relationship ends/transforms into different type
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19
Q

Stressors women face in the workforce

A
  • pressure to work longer hours
  • increased commute time to work
  • rising child-care costs
  • limited health care options
  • working mother –> pulled away from child’s needs
  • -> what to do with kids during summer/winter breaks
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20
Q

What are two reasons why women leave the workforce?

A
  1. the workplace holds contrary/non-supportive values: idolize/reward masculine values of working
  2. they feel disconnected from workplace/colleagues/clients/coworkers = less meaning from work
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21
Q

what is the most important role that young adults can strive for?

A

achieving a manageable work–family balance

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22
Q

Stressor

A

environmental events or factors that tax our ability to cope

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23
Q

Stress

A

the consequence of experiencing stressors that force us to adapt to changes in our lives

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24
Q

Positive (Constructive) Stress Management

A

productive and direct ways of changing one’s environment to make it less stressful, such as discussing problems with others, problem solving, and exercising

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25
Q

Negative (Destructive) Stress Management

A

Negative coping strategies merely postpone the effects of the stressor or can even accentuate the negative effects. Examples include denial (i.e., a psychological mechanism in which people convince themselves that there is no problem) and drug use

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26
Q

What are the subdivisions of coping strategies?

A
  1. problem-focused

2. emotion-focused

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27
Q

Problem-focused coping

A

attempts to resolve the stressor directly

ex. payment plan to resolve debt

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28
Q

Emotion-focused coping

A

does not directly address the stressor but involves trying to alter one’s emotions to feel better about it
(ex. reassuring self that “being in debt is ok, every young person goes through this”)

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29
Q

Cognitive developmental changes during middle adulthood

A

focus on middle-aged adults’ ability to demonstrate practical intelligence and expertise

  • crystallized intelligence (information and knowledge one has gained over the years) can increase
  • fluid intelligence may decline
  • -> not as quick/sharp, but retain practical skills
30
Q

Personality developmental changes during middle adulthood

A
  • five factor model

- generativity

31
Q

Personality vs. Characteristic

A

Personality: consists of an individual’s characteristic way of thinking, feeling, and behaving

Characteristic: stability of feelings, thoughts, and behaviors across different situations and over time

32
Q

five-factor model

A
  • Costa and McCrae
  • if one can be evaluated on each of five different personality factors, more commonly known as traits, one’s entire personality can be described
33
Q

What are the five factors in the personality model by Costa and McCrae?

A
  1. extroversion
  2. neuroticism
  3. openness to experience
  4. agreeableness
  5. conscientiousness
34
Q

One needs to know one’s _____ AND the ______ one is in to be able to predict how well he or she is functioning

A

personality/situation

35
Q

generativity

A

become more concerned with helping the next generation grow and develop
*important task for middle-aged adults to accomplish

36
Q

Family dynamics in middle adulthood

A
  • kids moving out of house

- begin caring for elderly parents

37
Q

sandwich generation

A

caring for own kids and elderly parents at the same time

38
Q

Physical changes in middle adulthood

A
  • metabolism slows
  • wrinkles/balding
  • loss of bone mass (osteoporosis)
  • arthritis
39
Q

skeletal maturity

A

when bone mass is greatest/skeleton at peak development

19 for women, 20 for men

40
Q

osteoporosis

A

a disease in which bones become porous and extremely easy to break from severe loss of bone mass
-more common in women (white/asian) -> decrease in estrogen from menopause accelerates bone loss

41
Q

dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) test

A

test of bone mineral density at the hip/spine

-encouraged to women over 65

42
Q

selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs)

A

compounds that are not estrogen, but that have estrogen-like effects on some tissues and estrogen-blocking effects on others

43
Q

osteoarthritis

A

most common form of arthritis
-a disease marked by gradual onset of bone damage with progression of pain/disability together with minor signs of inflammation from wear-and-tear

44
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

a more destructive disease of the joints

  • develops slowly
  • typically affects different joints and causes different pain than osteoarthritis
45
Q

Reproductive changes in middle adulthood

A
  • continue to have active sex lives
  • menopause (women unable to bear children)
  • gradual decline in testosterone levels (can still bear children, but 1/2 as fertile)
  • threat of prostate cancer to men
46
Q

climacteric

A

biological process during which women pass from their reproductive to non-reproductive years

47
Q

menopause

A

when menstruation stops

-hot flashes, night sweats, headaches, mood changes, vaginal dryness, ches/pains

48
Q

perimenopause

A

the individual varying time of transition from regular menstruation to menopause

49
Q

menopausal hormone therapy

A

medication therapy in which women take low doses of estrogen, which is often combined with progestin to counter symptoms of menopause

50
Q

stress and coping paradigm

A

the dominant framework used to study stress, which emphasizes the transactions between a person and the environment

51
Q

Stress/Coping in relation to health

A
  • chronic stress suppresses the immune system, increases risk of atherosclerosis, and hypertension
  • impaired memory/cognition
  • trigger for angina, arrhythmia, increased chance of blood clot, reduction in estrogen, irritable bowel syndrome, weight fluctuations, insulin resistance…..
52
Q

Type A behavior pattern

A

a behavior pattern in which people tend to be intensely competitive, angry, hostile, restless, aggressive, and impatient
*twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease than Type B

53
Q

Type B behavior pattern

A

a behavior pattern opposite of Type A (non-aggressive)

54
Q

aerobic exercise

A

places moderate stress on heart –> maintains pulse rate between 60-90% of max heart rate

55
Q

Reduction in fertility in men usually occurs _______.

A

gradually

56
Q

practical intelligence

A

the broad range of skills relate to how individuals shape, select, or adapt to their physical/social environments

57
Q

mechanics of intelligence

A

those aspects of intelligence comprising fluid intelligence

58
Q

pragmatics of intelligence

A

those aspects of intelligence reflecting crystalized intelligence

59
Q

encapsulation

A

occurs when the processes of thinking (info processing, memory, fluid intelligence) become connected or “encapsulated” to the products of thinking (expertise)

60
Q

The skills and knowledge necessary for people to function in everyday life make up ______.

A

practical intelligence

61
Q

Neuroticism

A

how commonly one experiences negative emotions, such as anxiety, agitation, self-consciousness, and depression

62
Q

Extraversion

A

trait associated with the tendency to thrive on social interaction, like to talk/take charge, readily express emotions/feelings
–> choose people-oriented jobs, have humanitarian goals

63
Q

Openness to Experience

A

reflects a tendency to have a vivid imagination/dream life, appreciation of art, and strong desire to try anything once
–> choose ministry/counseling jobs, experience over pay

64
Q

Agreeableness

A

associated with being accepting, willing to work with others, and caring

65
Q

Conscientiousness

A

tend to be hard working, ambitious, energetic, scrupulous, and persevering
–> desire to make something of themselves

66
Q

stagnation

A
  • Erikson

- state in which people are unable to deal with the needs of their children or to provide mentoring to younger adults

67
Q

narrative

A

a way in which a person derives personal meaning from being generative and by constructing a life story –> shapes identity

68
Q

ego resilience

A

a powerful personality resource that enables people to handle midlife changes

69
Q

According to McAdams, the meaning one derives from being generative happens through the process of _______.

A

narrative

70
Q

kinkeeper

A

the person who gathers family members together for celebrations and keeps them in touch with each other

71
Q

filial obligation

A

a sense of obligation to care for one’s parents if necessary

72
Q

Most caregiving for aging parents is provided by ________.

A

daughters and daughters-in-law

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