Lesson 10 !!! Flashcards

1
Q

Reinforcement theory

A

A theory that says that behavior is a function of its consequences

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2
Q

Reinforcement

A

Consequence delivered to a person that increases the behavior

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3
Q

Punishment

A

Consequence delivered to a person that decreases the behavior

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4
Q

Positive reinforcers

A

Presentation of a positive consequence that increases the behavior

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5
Q

Negative reinforcers

A

Removal of a negative consequence that increases the behavior

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6
Q

Extinction

A

Absence of any consequence after a behavior that leads to a disappearance of the behavior

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7
Q

Tangible reinforcers

A

Any economically valuable object or activity that is presented contingent on a behavior and that results in an increase in the frequency of the behavior

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8
Q

Social reinforcers

A

Interactions between people that increase behavior or performance

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9
Q

Work-related reinforcers

A

Allowance to have more responsibilites or different activities and that results in an increase in the frequency of the behavior

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10
Q

Maslow theory (1943)

A

The hierarchy of five needs- physiological, safety, belonging (or social), esteem, and self-actualization- in which , as each need is substantially satisfied, the next
need becomes dominant

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11
Q

Physiological needs

A

Includes hunger, thirst, sex and other bodily needs

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12
Q

Safety needs

A

Security and protection from physical and psychological harm

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13
Q

Belonging needs

A

Affection, belongingness, acceptance and friendship

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14
Q

Esteem needs

A

Internal factors such as self-respect, autonomy, and achievement and external factors such as status, recognition and attention

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15
Q

Self-actualization

A

Drive to become what we are capable of becoming; includes growth, achieving our potential, and self-fulfillmen

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16
Q

McClelland theory

A

A theory that states achievement, power and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation

17
Q

Need for

achievement

A

The drive to excel, to achieve in relationship to a set of standards, and to strive to succeed

18
Q

Need for power

A

The need to make others behave in a way in which they would not have behaved otherwise

19
Q

Need for

affiliation

A

The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships

20
Q

Self-determination theory

A

A theory of motivation that is concerned with the beneficial effects of intrinsic motivation and the harmful effects of extrinsic motivation

21
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Motivation to do something fot its own sake

22
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Motivation to do something fot other outcomes

23
Q

Amotivation

A

Absence of motivation

24
Q

Need for relatedness

A

The need to interact, be connected to, and experience caring for others

25
Q

Need for competence

A

The need to experience mastery and to reach goals

26
Q

Need for autonomy

A

The need to be causal agents of one’s own life and act in harmony with one’s integrated self

27
Q

Job characteristic theory

A

A theory that proposes that any job can be described in terms of five core dimensions: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback

28
Q

Skill variety

A

The degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities

29
Q

Task identity

A

The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece
of work

30
Q

Task significance

A

The degree to which a job has substantial impact on the lives or work of other people

31
Q

Autonomy

A

The degree to which a job provides substantial freedom and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used
in carrying it out

32
Q

Feedback

A

The degree to which carrying out the work activities required by a job results in the individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of
his or her performance