Lesson 10 !!! Flashcards
Reinforcement theory
A theory that says that behavior is a function of its consequences
Reinforcement
Consequence delivered to a person that increases the behavior
Punishment
Consequence delivered to a person that decreases the behavior
Positive reinforcers
Presentation of a positive consequence that increases the behavior
Negative reinforcers
Removal of a negative consequence that increases the behavior
Extinction
Absence of any consequence after a behavior that leads to a disappearance of the behavior
Tangible reinforcers
Any economically valuable object or activity that is presented contingent on a behavior and that results in an increase in the frequency of the behavior
Social reinforcers
Interactions between people that increase behavior or performance
Work-related reinforcers
Allowance to have more responsibilites or different activities and that results in an increase in the frequency of the behavior
Maslow theory (1943)
The hierarchy of five needs- physiological, safety, belonging (or social), esteem, and self-actualization- in which , as each need is substantially satisfied, the next
need becomes dominant
Physiological needs
Includes hunger, thirst, sex and other bodily needs
Safety needs
Security and protection from physical and psychological harm
Belonging needs
Affection, belongingness, acceptance and friendship
Esteem needs
Internal factors such as self-respect, autonomy, and achievement and external factors such as status, recognition and attention
Self-actualization
Drive to become what we are capable of becoming; includes growth, achieving our potential, and self-fulfillmen
McClelland theory
A theory that states achievement, power and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation
Need for
achievement
The drive to excel, to achieve in relationship to a set of standards, and to strive to succeed
Need for power
The need to make others behave in a way in which they would not have behaved otherwise
Need for
affiliation
The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships
Self-determination theory
A theory of motivation that is concerned with the beneficial effects of intrinsic motivation and the harmful effects of extrinsic motivation
Intrinsic motivation
Motivation to do something fot its own sake
Extrinsic motivation
Motivation to do something fot other outcomes
Amotivation
Absence of motivation
Need for relatedness
The need to interact, be connected to, and experience caring for others
Need for competence
The need to experience mastery and to reach goals
Need for autonomy
The need to be causal agents of one’s own life and act in harmony with one’s integrated self
Job characteristic theory
A theory that proposes that any job can be described in terms of five core dimensions: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback
Skill variety
The degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities
Task identity
The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece
of work
Task significance
The degree to which a job has substantial impact on the lives or work of other people
Autonomy
The degree to which a job provides substantial freedom and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used
in carrying it out
Feedback
The degree to which carrying out the work activities required by a job results in the individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of
his or her performance
