Lesson 10 !!!

Question 1

Reinforcement theory

Answer 1

A theory that says that behavior is a function of its consequences

Question 2

Reinforcement

Answer 2

Consequence delivered to a person that increases the behavior

Question 3

Punishment

Answer 3

Consequence delivered to a person that decreases the behavior

Question 4

Positive reinforcers

Answer 4

Presentation of a positive consequence that increases the behavior

Question 5

Negative reinforcers

Answer 5

Removal of a negative consequence that increases the behavior

Question 6

Extinction

Answer 6

Absence of any consequence after a behavior that leads to a disappearance of the behavior

Question 7

Tangible reinforcers

Answer 7

Any economically valuable object or activity that is presented contingent on a behavior and that results in an increase in the frequency of the behavior

Question 8

Social reinforcers

Answer 8

Interactions between people that increase behavior or performance

Question 9

Work-related reinforcers

Answer 9

Allowance to have more responsibilites or different activities and that results in an increase in the frequency of the behavior

Question 10

Maslow theory (1943)

Answer 10

The hierarchy of five needs- physiological, safety, belonging (or social), esteem, and self-actualization- in which , as each need is substantially satisfied, the next
need becomes dominant

Question 11

Physiological needs

Answer 11

Includes hunger, thirst, sex and other bodily needs

Question 12

Safety needs

Answer 12

Security and protection from physical and psychological harm

Question 13

Belonging needs

Answer 13

Affection, belongingness, acceptance and friendship

Question 14

Esteem needs

Answer 14

Internal factors such as self-respect, autonomy, and achievement and external factors such as status, recognition and attention

Question 15

Self-actualization

Answer 15

Drive to become what we are capable of becoming; includes growth, achieving our potential, and self-fulfillmen

Question 16

McClelland theory

Answer 16

A theory that states achievement, power and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation

Question 17

Need for

achievement

Answer 17

The drive to excel, to achieve in relationship to a set of standards, and to strive to succeed

Question 18

Need for power

Answer 18

The need to make others behave in a way in which they would not have behaved otherwise

Question 19

Need for

affiliation

Answer 19

The desire for friendly and close interpersonal relationships

Question 20

Self-determination theory

Answer 20

A theory of motivation that is concerned with the beneficial effects of intrinsic motivation and the harmful effects of extrinsic motivation

Question 21

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 21

Motivation to do something fot its own sake

Question 22

Extrinsic motivation

Answer 22

Motivation to do something fot other outcomes

Question 23

Amotivation

Answer 23

Absence of motivation

Question 24

Need for relatedness

Answer 24

The need to interact, be connected to, and experience caring for others

Question 25

Need for competence

Answer 25

The need to experience mastery and to reach goals

Question 26

Need for autonomy

Answer 26

The need to be causal agents of one's own life and act in harmony with one's integrated self

Question 27

Job characteristic theory

Answer 27

A theory that proposes that any job can be described in terms of five core dimensions: skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy and feedback

Question 28

Skill variety

Answer 28

The degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities

Question 29

Task identity

Answer 29

The degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work

Question 30

Task significance

Answer 30

The degree to which a job has substantial impact on the lives or work of other people

Question 31

Autonomy

Answer 31

The degree to which a job provides substantial freedom and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out

Question 32

Feedback

Answer 32

The degree to which carrying out the work activities required by a job results in the individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance