Legal Issues

Question 1

Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO)

Answer 1

Laws to ensure everyone’s equal opportunity in a workplace regardless of race, color, sex, religion, national origin, age, and disability

Question 2

Discrimination

Answer 2

Giving an unfair advantage (or disadvantage) to a particular group in comparison with other groups

Question 3

Equal Pay Act of 1963

Answer 3

Cannot pay women less money than men if both employees do work that is substantially the same

Question 4

Exceptions of Equal Pay Act

Answer 4

• Seniority System
• Merit System
• System that measures earnings based on quantity or quality
• Any other factor than sex

Question 5

Title VII of Civil Rights Act of 1964

Answer 5

Prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin in all aspects of employment

Question 6

3 Exceptions to Title VII discrimination

Answer 6

• Bona fide occupational qualifications
• Seniority and merit system
• Testing or educational requirements

Question 7

Executive Order 11246

Answer 7

Prohibits same discrimination as Title VII that is only directed at federal contractors. Adopted Affirmative Action

Question 8

Affirmative Action

Answer 8

creates the expectation that companies make a positive effort to hire, train, and promote employees from groups who are underrepresented

Question 9

Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967

Answer 9

Illegal to discriminate anyone 40 years or older.
- Pertains to employers who have 20 employees or more

Question 10

Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (ADA)

Answer 10

Prohibits discrimination against qualified individuals with disabilities

Question 11

Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986

Answer 11

Requires workers to establish their eligibility to work in the US
- Created the I-9 Process

Question 12

Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act (USERRA) of 1994

Answer 12

Reservists and National Guard called to active duty entitled to return to civilian employment after military service
- Escalator Principle

Question 13

Vietnam Era Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974

Answer 13

Prohibits federal contractors from discriminating against specified veterans
- Includes Desert Storm and current engagements in the middle east

Question 14

Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

Answer 14

Prohibits use of genetic information in employment decisions; strictly limits disclosing genetic information

Question 15

Pregnancy Discrimination Act (1978)

Answer 15

Makes pregnancy a temporary disability requiring accommodation

Question 16

WARN Act

Answer 16

Requires 60 days advanced notice of layoffs of 50 or more employees

Question 17

Polygraph Act

Answer 17

Prohibits requiring applicants or employees to take a polygraph

Question 18

Disparate Treatment

Answer 18

Focuses on intentional discrimination

Question 19

Adverse Impact

Answer 19

A discriminatory effect of a policy or practice on a protected group, even if unintentional

Question 20

80% Rule

Answer 20

Proof of adverse impact when the rate of one group is less than 80% of the group with the highest rates

Question 21

The Office of Federal Contract Compliance of Programs (OFCCP)

Answer 21

Enforces:
- Executive Order 11246
- Affirmative Action of the Vietnam Veteran’s Readjustment Assistance Act

Question 22

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC)

Answer 22

Enforces:
- Title VII
- Age Discrimination Act
- Pregnancy Discrimination Act
- Title I and V of ADA
- The Rehabilitation Act
- The Equal Pay Act
- The Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act

Question 23

Who is responsible for sexual harassment in the workforce?

Answer 23

Employers are liable for acts of supervisors, co-workers, and by nonemployee

Question 24

Diversity Management

Answer 24

The set of activities involved in integrating nontraditional employees (women and minorities) into the workforce and using their diversity to the firm’s competitive advantage

Question 25

Stereotypes

Answer 25

Assuming that group averages or tendencies are true for each and every member of that group