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Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve plexus is responsible to innervating the Leg (from Knee to Ankle)?

A

Sacral Plexus (L4-S4)

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2
Q

Which bone is the major weight bearing bone of the leg?

A

Tibia

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the Fibula?

A
  • Not weight bearing
  • Makes up part of Ankle joint
  • Site for muscle attachment
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4
Q

True or False: The Medial Malleolus extends further down (inferiorly) than the Lateral Malleolus

A

False

-The Lateral Malleolus extends more inferiorly

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the Talus?

A
  • Transmit weight from Tibia to Calcaneus and Forefoot

- No muscular or tendinous attachments

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6
Q

Describe: Talar Fractures

A
  • Occur from high energy events (accident, fall, trauma)
  • Surgery to repair
  • Risk of avascular necrosis of the Talus

-Results in loss of motion and function of ankle joint

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7
Q

True or False: The Ankle joint is also known as the Talocrural Joint

A

True

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8
Q

What type of joint is the Ankle?

A

Uni-axial Hinge Joint

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9
Q

Which is weaker: Lateral Ligaments or Medial Ligaments?

A

Lateral ligaments of the Ankle are weaker and more often injured

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10
Q

What are the three Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle?

A
  • Anterior talofibular ligament
  • Posterior talofibular ligament
  • Calcaneofibular ligament
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11
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle?

A

Responsible for resistance against inversion and internal rotational stress

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12
Q

What fibers compose the Medial Ligament of the Ankle (Deltoid Ligament)?

A
  • Tibionavicular fibers
  • Tibiocalcaneal fibers
  • Tibiotalar fibers
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13
Q

What is the function of the Medial Ligament of the Ankle?

A

Stabilizes the Ankle joint during eversion of the foot and prevents subluxation of the Ankle joint

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14
Q

Describe: Ankle Sprains

A
  • Ligament most likely to be injured is perpendicular to the ground at the time of injury
  • Inversion sprain is most common
  • Step in hole: Injured Post. Talofibular Ligament
  • Flat footed: Injured Calcaneofibular Ligament
  • Jumping: Injured Anterior Talofibular Ligament
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15
Q

Describe: Inversion while Plantatflexing

A

Rupture or sprain of the Anterior Fibulotalar Ligament

-Weakest, most commonly injured ligament

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16
Q

Describe: Forceful Eversion at the Ankle (“Pott’s Fracture”)

A
  • Bi-malleolar fracture caused by a combined abduction and external rotation from an eversion force
  • Requires surgical repair
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17
Q

True or False: The Crural Fascia is an extension of the Fascia Lata?

A

True

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg and what is its function?

A
  • Deep Fibular Nerve

- Dorsiflexion of the Ankle

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19
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg and what is its function?

A
  • Superficial Fibular Nerve

- Eversion of the Ankle

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20
Q

What nerve innervates the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the leg and what is their function?

A
  • Tibial Nerve

- Plantar flexion of the Ankle

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21
Q

Describe: Compartment Syndrome

A

When pressure within a closed compartment exceeds the perfusion pressure resulting in muscle and nerve ischemia (vessels are occluded)

-Requires a Fasciotomy to alleviate pressure

22
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the Medial aspect of the Anterior Leg?

A

Saphenous Nerve

23
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the Superior Lateral aspect of the Anterior Leg?

A

Common Fibular Nerve

24
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the Inferior Lateral aspect of the Anterior Leg?

A

Superficial Fibular Nerve

25
Q

What muscles are located on the anterior surface of the Leg?

A
  • Tibialis Anterior
  • Fibularis Tertius
  • Extensor Digitorum Longus
  • Extensor Hallucis Longus
26
Q

Where does the Anterior Tibial Artery travel?

A

Through a gap in the interosseous membrane, along the interosseous membrane, until it reaches the ankle

27
Q

Describe: Shin splints

A

Repetitive microtrauma of the Tibialis Anterior resulting in pain/edema in the distal 1/3 of the Tibia

-Mild form of Anterior Compartment Syndrome

Treated with:

  • Stretches/Massages
  • RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation)
  • NSAIDs
28
Q

What nerve innervates the Tibialis Anterior and what artery provides bloody supply?

A
  • Deep Fibular Nerve

- Anterior Tibial Artery

29
Q

What nerve innervates the Extensor Hallucis Longus and what artery provides bloody supply?

A
  • Deep Fibular Nerve

- Anterior Tibial Artery

30
Q

What nerve innervates the Extensor Digitorum Longus and what artery provides bloody supply?

A
  • Deep Fibular Nerve

- Anterior Tibial Artery

31
Q

What nerve innervates the Fibularis Tertius and what artery provides bloody supply?

A
  • Deep Fibular Nerve

- Anterior Tibial Artery

32
Q

What muscles are located on the Lateral aspect of the Leg?

A
  • Fibularis longus

- Fibularis brevis

33
Q

Describe: Fibular Artery

A
  • Branch off of the Posterior Tibial Artery

- Branches of the Fibular Artery perforate the interosseous membrane to supply lateral compartment of the leg

34
Q

What nerve innervates the Fibularis Longus and what artery provides bloody supply?

A
  • Superficial Fibular Nerve

- Perforating branches of the Fibular Artery

35
Q

What nerve innervates the Fibularis Brevis and what artery provides bloody supply?

A
  • Superficial Fibular Nerve

- Perforating branches of the Fibular Artery

36
Q

Describe: Foot Drop

A

Injury to the Common Fibular Nerve

Caused by:

  • Trauma (“bumper fracture”)
  • Surgical injury

Results in an inability to dorsiflex the foot while walking (cannot pick up foot with each step- slap foot gait or high stepping gait to compensate)

Treated with orthotics, braces, PT, or surgery

37
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the medial aspect of the Posterior Leg?

A

Saphenous Nerve

38
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the Posterior Leg?

A

Common Fibular Nerve

39
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the posterior aspect of the Posterior Leg?

A

Sural Nerve

40
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the heel?

A

Medial Calcaneal branch of the Tibial Nerve

41
Q

What muscles are located in the Superficial Posterior compartment of the leg?

A
  • Plantaris (absent in 5-10% of population)
  • Gastrocnemius (medial and lateral heads)
  • Soleus
42
Q

Describe: Achilles’ Tendonitis

A

Painful inflammation of the Achilles’ Tendon caused by repetitive stress on the tendon at the heel

Treated with rest, ice, NSAIDs, PT

43
Q

What nerve roots comprise the Tibial Nerve?

44
Q

What nerve innervates the Gastrocnemius and what artery provides blood supply?

A
  • Tibial Nerve

- Posterior Tibial Artery

45
Q

What nerve innervates the Plantaris and what artery provides blood supply?

A
  • Tibial Nerve

- Popliteal Artery

46
Q

What nerve innervates the Soleus and what artery provides blood supply?

A
  • Tibial Nerve

- Posterior Tibial Artery

47
Q

What muscles are located in the Deep Posterior compartment of the Leg?

A
  • Popliteus
  • Tibialis Posterior
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus
48
Q

Describe: Tom, Dick, AN Harry

A 
Tibialis Posterior (Tom)
Flexor Digitorum Longus (Dick)
Posterior Tibial Artery (A)
Tibial Nerve (N)
Flexor Hallucis Longus (Harry)
49
Q

What nerve innervates the Tibialis Posterior and what artery provides blood supply?

A

-Tibial Nerve

  • Posterior Tibial Artery
  • Fibular Artery
50
Q

What nerve innervates the Flexor Digitorum Longus and what artery provides blood supply?

A
  • Tibial Nerve

- Posterior Tibial Artery

51
Q

What nerve innervates the Flexor Hallucis Longus and what artery provides blood supply?

A

-Tibial Nerve

  • Posterior Tibial Artery
  • Fibular Artery
52
Q

What nerve innervates the Popliteus and what artery provides blood supply?

A
  • Tibial Nerve

- Popliteal Artery

Anatomy (12 decks)

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