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Anatomy > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

What nerve plexus is responsible to innervating the Leg (from Knee to Ankle)?

A

Sacral Plexus (L4-S4)

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2
Q

Which bone is the major weight bearing bone of the leg?

A

Tibia

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3
Q

What is the purpose of the Fibula?

A
  • Not weight bearing
  • Makes up part of Ankle joint
  • Site for muscle attachment
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4
Q

True or False: The Medial Malleolus extends further down (inferiorly) than the Lateral Malleolus

A

False

-The Lateral Malleolus extends more inferiorly

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5
Q

What is the purpose of the Talus?

A
  • Transmit weight from Tibia to Calcaneus and Forefoot

- No muscular or tendinous attachments

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6
Q

Describe: Talar Fractures

A
  • Occur from high energy events (accident, fall, trauma)
  • Surgery to repair
  • Risk of avascular necrosis of the Talus

-Results in loss of motion and function of ankle joint

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7
Q

True or False: The Ankle joint is also known as the Talocrural Joint

A

True

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8
Q

What type of joint is the Ankle?

A

Uni-axial Hinge Joint

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9
Q

Which is weaker: Lateral Ligaments or Medial Ligaments?

A

Lateral ligaments of the Ankle are weaker and more often injured

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10
Q

What are the three Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle?

A
  • Anterior talofibular ligament
  • Posterior talofibular ligament
  • Calcaneofibular ligament
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11
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Ligaments of the Ankle?

A

Responsible for resistance against inversion and internal rotational stress

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12
Q

What fibers compose the Medial Ligament of the Ankle (Deltoid Ligament)?

A
  • Tibionavicular fibers
  • Tibiocalcaneal fibers
  • Tibiotalar fibers
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13
Q

What is the function of the Medial Ligament of the Ankle?

A

Stabilizes the Ankle joint during eversion of the foot and prevents subluxation of the Ankle joint

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14
Q

Describe: Ankle Sprains

A
  • Ligament most likely to be injured is perpendicular to the ground at the time of injury
  • Inversion sprain is most common
  • Step in hole: Injured Post. Talofibular Ligament
  • Flat footed: Injured Calcaneofibular Ligament
  • Jumping: Injured Anterior Talofibular Ligament
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15
Q

Describe: Inversion while Plantatflexing

A

Rupture or sprain of the Anterior Fibulotalar Ligament

-Weakest, most commonly injured ligament

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16
Q

Describe: Forceful Eversion at the Ankle (“Pott’s Fracture”)

A
  • Bi-malleolar fracture caused by a combined abduction and external rotation from an eversion force
  • Requires surgical repair
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17
Q

True or False: The Crural Fascia is an extension of the Fascia Lata?

A

True

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18
Q

What nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the leg and what is its function?

A
  • Deep Fibular Nerve

- Dorsiflexion of the Ankle

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19
Q

What nerve innervates the lateral compartment of the leg and what is its function?

A
  • Superficial Fibular Nerve

- Eversion of the Ankle

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20
Q

What nerve innervates the superficial and deep posterior compartments of the leg and what is their function?

A
  • Tibial Nerve

- Plantar flexion of the Ankle

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21
Q

Describe: Compartment Syndrome

A

When pressure within a closed compartment exceeds the perfusion pressure resulting in muscle and nerve ischemia (vessels are occluded)

-Requires a Fasciotomy to alleviate pressure

22
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the Medial aspect of the Anterior Leg?

A

Saphenous Nerve

23
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the Superior Lateral aspect of the Anterior Leg?

A

Common Fibular Nerve

24
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the Inferior Lateral aspect of the Anterior Leg?

A

Superficial Fibular Nerve

25
What muscles are located on the anterior surface of the Leg?
- Tibialis Anterior - Fibularis Tertius - Extensor Digitorum Longus - Extensor Hallucis Longus
26
Where does the Anterior Tibial Artery travel?
Through a gap in the interosseous membrane, along the interosseous membrane, until it reaches the ankle
27
Describe: Shin splints
Repetitive microtrauma of the Tibialis Anterior resulting in pain/edema in the distal 1/3 of the Tibia -Mild form of Anterior Compartment Syndrome Treated with: - Stretches/Massages - RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) - NSAIDs
28
What nerve innervates the Tibialis Anterior and what artery provides bloody supply?
- Deep Fibular Nerve | - Anterior Tibial Artery
29
What nerve innervates the Extensor Hallucis Longus and what artery provides bloody supply?
- Deep Fibular Nerve | - Anterior Tibial Artery
30
What nerve innervates the Extensor Digitorum Longus and what artery provides bloody supply?
- Deep Fibular Nerve | - Anterior Tibial Artery
31
What nerve innervates the Fibularis Tertius and what artery provides bloody supply?
- Deep Fibular Nerve | - Anterior Tibial Artery
32
What muscles are located on the Lateral aspect of the Leg?
- Fibularis longus | - Fibularis brevis
33
Describe: Fibular Artery
- Branch off of the Posterior Tibial Artery | - Branches of the Fibular Artery perforate the interosseous membrane to supply lateral compartment of the leg
34
What nerve innervates the Fibularis Longus and what artery provides bloody supply?
- Superficial Fibular Nerve | - Perforating branches of the Fibular Artery
35
What nerve innervates the Fibularis Brevis and what artery provides bloody supply?
- Superficial Fibular Nerve | - Perforating branches of the Fibular Artery
36
Describe: Foot Drop
Injury to the Common Fibular Nerve Caused by: - Trauma ("bumper fracture") - Surgical injury Results in an inability to dorsiflex the foot while walking (cannot pick up foot with each step- slap foot gait or high stepping gait to compensate) Treated with orthotics, braces, PT, or surgery
37
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the medial aspect of the Posterior Leg?
Saphenous Nerve
38
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the Posterior Leg?
Common Fibular Nerve
39
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the posterior aspect of the Posterior Leg?
Sural Nerve
40
What nerve provides sensory innervation to the heel?
Medial Calcaneal branch of the Tibial Nerve
41
What muscles are located in the Superficial Posterior compartment of the leg?
- Plantaris (absent in 5-10% of population) - Gastrocnemius (medial and lateral heads) - Soleus
42
Describe: Achilles' Tendonitis
Painful inflammation of the Achilles' Tendon caused by repetitive stress on the tendon at the heel Treated with rest, ice, NSAIDs, PT
43
What nerve roots comprise the Tibial Nerve?
S1-S2
44
What nerve innervates the Gastrocnemius and what artery provides blood supply?
- Tibial Nerve | - Posterior Tibial Artery
45
What nerve innervates the Plantaris and what artery provides blood supply?
- Tibial Nerve | - Popliteal Artery
46
What nerve innervates the Soleus and what artery provides blood supply?
- Tibial Nerve | - Posterior Tibial Artery
47
What muscles are located in the Deep Posterior compartment of the Leg?
- Popliteus - Tibialis Posterior - Flexor Digitorum Longus - Flexor Hallucis Longus
48
Describe: Tom, Dick, AN Harry
``` Tibialis Posterior (Tom) Flexor Digitorum Longus (Dick) Posterior Tibial Artery (A) Tibial Nerve (N) Flexor Hallucis Longus (Harry) ```
49
What nerve innervates the Tibialis Posterior and what artery provides blood supply?
-Tibial Nerve - Posterior Tibial Artery - Fibular Artery
50
What nerve innervates the Flexor Digitorum Longus and what artery provides blood supply?
- Tibial Nerve | - Posterior Tibial Artery
51
What nerve innervates the Flexor Hallucis Longus and what artery provides blood supply?
-Tibial Nerve - Posterior Tibial Artery - Fibular Artery
52
What nerve innervates the Popliteus and what artery provides blood supply?
- Tibial Nerve | - Popliteal Artery

Anatomy (12 decks)

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