Exam 1 Flashcards
Which muscle(s) control: Abduction of the Thumb
Abductor pollicis longus
Abductor pollicis brevis
Which muscle(s) control: Adduction of the Thumb
Adductor pollicis
1st Dorsal interosseous
Which muscle(s) control: Extension of the Thumb
Extensor pollicis longus
Extensor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis longus
Which muscle(s) control: Flexion of the Thumb
Flexor pollicis longus
Flexor pollicis brevis
Which muscle(s) control: Opposition of the Thumb
Opponens pollicis
Which muscle(s) control: Abduction of the Shoulder
Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Which muscle(s) control: Lateral Rotation of the Shoulder
Infraspinatus
Teres Minor
Deltoid
Which muscle(s) control: Flexion of the Shoulder
Deltoid
Pectoralis Major (Clavicular head)
Coracobrachialis
Which muscle(s) control: Medial Rotation of the Shoulder
Deltoid Pectoralis Major (Clavicular head) Subscapularis Teres Major Latissimus dorsi
Which muscle(s) control: Extension of the Shoulder
Deltoid
Teres Major
Latissimus dorsi
Triceps
Which muscle(s) control: Adduction of the Shoulder
Pectoralis Major
Teres Major
Latissimus dorsi
Triceps
Which muscle(s) control: Flexion of the Elbow
Biceps Brachialis Brachioradialis Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Pronator Teres Flexor Carpi Radialis Palmaris longus Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Which muscle(s) control: Extension of the Elbow
Triceps
Anconeus
Which muscle(s) control: Supination of the Forearm
Biceps
Brachioradialis
Supinator
Which muscle(s) control: Pronation of the Forearm
Brachioradialis
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Pronator Quadratus
Which muscle(s) control: Extension of the Wrist
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digitorum Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Pollicis Longus
Which muscle(s) control: Flexion of the Wrist
Flexor Carpi Radialis Palmaris Longus Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Flexor Digitorum Profundus Flexor Pollicis Longus Abductor Pollicis Longus
Which muscle(s) control: Radial Deviation of the Wrist
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Flexor Carpi Radialis Extensor Digitorum Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus
Which muscle(s) control: Ulnar Deviation of the Wrist
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
What nerve(s) control: Abduction of the Shoulder
Suprascapular nerve
Axillary nerve
What nerve(s) control: Lateral rotation of the Shoulder
Suprascapular nerve
Axillary nerve
What nerve(s) control: Flexion of the Shoulder
Axillary nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
What nerve(s) control: Medial rotation of the Shoulder
Axillary nerve Lateral Pectoral nerve Upper Subscapular nerve Lower Subscapular nerve Thoracodorsal nerve
What nerve(s) control: Extension of the Shoulder
Axillary nerve
Lower Subscapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Radial nerve
What nerve(s) control: Adduction of the Shoulder
Lateral Pectoral nerve Lower Subscapular nerve Thoracodorsal nerve Medial Pectoral nerve Radial nerve
What nerve(s) control: Flexion of the Elbow
Musculocutaneous nerve
Radial nerve
Median nerve
Ulnar nerve
What nerve(s) control: Extension of the Elbow
Radial nerve
What nerve(s) control: Supination of the Elbow
Musculocutaneous nerve
Deep Radial nerve
What nerve(s) control: Pronation of the Elbow
Radial nerve
Median nerve
What nerve(s) control: Extension of the Wrist
Radial nerve
What nerve(s) control: Flexion of the Wrist
Median nerve
Radial nerve
What nerve(s) control: Radial Deviation of the Wrist
Radial nerve
Median nerve
What nerve(s) control: Ulnar Deviation of the Wrist
Radial nerve
Ulnar nerve
What is Dupuytren’s Contracture?
When the Palmar Aponeurosis becomes fibrotic and shortens causing flexion at the Metacarpophalangeal (MP) and Proximal Interphalangeal (PIP) joints
Must be surgically repaired
What results from a Medial Epicondyle fracture?
Weakness of wrist adduction (ulnar deviation) and
Paresthesia of the median part of the dorsum of the hand
What would be the deficit if the nerve passing through the quadrangular space of the scapula was damaged?
Damage to Axillary nerve
-Inability to abduct the arm to 90 degrees
What would be the deficit if the nerve passing through the suprascapular notch was damaged?
Damage to Suprascapular nerve
-Inability to initiate abduction of the arm to 15 degrees
What would be the deficit if the Cranial Nerve XI was injured?
Inability to abduct the arm above 90 degrees
A patient injured their rotator cuff. The patient is struggling to rotate the arm medially and pull the arm against their body . Which of the following muscles has been injured?
Subscapularis muscle
-Adducts and medially rotates the humerus
A woman landed on her right shoulder, causing a forceful lateral extension of her head and neck. At this point, she is unable to abduct, laterally rotate, and flex the shoulder. Which injury is the most likely cause of these deficits?
An excessive increase in the angle between the neck and shoulder can cause an avulsion of the upper brachial plexus roots C5 and C6 (Erb’s Palsy)
- Can occur while delivering a baby
- Presents with a “waiter’s tip” hand
A soldier received shrapnel wounds to his lateral right chest wall. His right scapula moves away from his chest wall when he leans on his arm. Which of the following nerves was most likely injured?
The long thoracic nerve innervates the serratus anterior which holds the scapula against the thoracic cage
A loose arrow pierces a patient in their left quadrangular space. Which of the following structures is most likely damaged by the arrow?
The posterior circumflex humeral artery and the axillary artery run in the quadrangular space
Following a knife wound to the neck, you notice that the medial border of a patient’s left scapula is located further from the midline than that of his right scapula. The nerve most likely injured by the wound is the:
Dorsal scapular nerve
A patient falls and hyperabducts their arm when grabbing a tree limb to stop their fall. Which area is most likely to have lost sensation because of the violent abduction of the arm?
Median and Ulnar nerves
-C8 and T1 are injured during hyperabductions which comprise these nerve
A patient has difficulty lifting his arm up to his shoulder and extending his elbow and wrist. What nervous structure is most likely injured?
The posterior cord as it includes both the radial nerve and axillary nerve.
A patient is having difficulty combing his hair 3 months after fracturing his humerus at the surgical neck. He has difficulties abducting and laterally rotating his right arm. Which of the following nerves was most likely damaged in the initial injury?
Axillary nerve because it runs along the surgical neck of the Humerus
Upon clinical examination, a patient demonstrated an inability to flex the distal interphalangeal joint of the index finger. In addition, the patient was unable to flex the distal phalanx of the thumb and had no loss of sensation. What is the most likely injury?
Anterior Interosseous nerve
Radiographic examination reveals a fracture of the radius while an MRI study reveals a hematoma between the fractured radius and supinator muscle. The patient has weakened abduction of the thumb and extension of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the fingers. Which of the following nerves is most likely affected?
The posterior interosseous nerve is responsible for innervation of the extensor compartment of the posterior forearm, including extension of the metacarpophalangeal joints
Millions of times a day in the healthcare system people have their pulse taken by a medical professional. The vessel most used is the radial artery. When landmarking the vessel it can be palpated because of its superficial location just lateral to which tendon?
The flexor carpi radialis tendon
-Just medial to the radial artery prior to crossing posteriorly in the anatomical snuff box
A patient sustained a penetrating wound in his axilla. He is able to extend his elbow and pronate his forearm normally, but his elbow flexion and forearm supination are greatly weakened. Which nerve was most likely damaged?
Musculocutaneous nerve
-The weakness of the supination is from the loss of the biceps and the inability of elbow flexion is a result of brachialis and biceps loss
A young man suffered a deep cut to the anteromedial aspect of the forearm just proximal to the wrist. He can grip a sheet of paper between index finger and thumb but not between any other adjacent fingers. Which nerve has been damaged?
The ulnar nerve innervates the interosseous muscles of the hand which help adduct and abduct the fingers
A patient has developed increased pressure in the anterior compartment of the forearm. He is unable to flex the interphalangeal joint of the thumb and the distal interphalangeal joints of digits 2 and 3. He also has weakness in pronating his forearm/hand. What nerve has been compromised?
When the anterior interosseous nerve is injured, paresis of the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus occurs
A patient with carpal tunnel syndrome underwent an endoscopic nerve release to relieve the numbness and tingling in the left hand. Two weeks postoperatively the patient complained of a profound weakness in the thumb, with loss of thumb opposition. The sensation to the hand, however, was unaffected. Which of the following nerves was injured during the operation?
The recurrent branch of the median nerve innervates the thenar muscles (opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis, and flexor pollicis brevis) and is not responsible for any cutaneous innervation.
Which type of nerve fibers are being activated to cause increase in salivation?
General visceral efferent
The right lymphatic duct would drain lymph from all of the following EXCEPT:
Right lower limb
- The right lymphatic duct only drains the right half of the head, neck, chest and upper limb
- The thoracic duct drains the respective left sides as well as the entire abdomen, pelvis and both lower limbs.
What nerve innervates sensation in the lateral arm, posterior arm, posterior forearm, and dorsum of the hand (excluding fingertips)?
Radial nerve
What nerve innervates sensation in the lateral forearm?
Musculocutaneous nerve
What nerve innervates sensation in the palm of the hand (up until digit 4)?
Median nerve
What nerve innervates sensation in half of digit 4 and all of digit 5 (palmar and dorsal side)?
Ulnar nerve
What nerve innervates sensation in the medial arm?
Medial brachial cutaneous nerve
What nerve innervates sensation in the medial forearm?
Medial Cutaneous Antebrachial nerve
What nerve(s) arises from the Roots of the brachial plexus?
Dorsal scapular nerve
Long Thoracic nerve
What nerve(s) arises from the Superior Trunk of the brachial plexus?
Suprascapular nerve
Subclavian nerve
What nerve(s) arises from the Lateral Cord of the brachial plexus?
Lateral Pectoral nerve
Musculocutaneous nerve
What nerve(s) arises from the Medial Cord of the brachial plexus?
Medial Pectoral nerve
Medial Cutaneous Brachial nerve
Medial Cutaneous Antebrachial nerve
Ulnar nerve
What nerve(s) arises from the Medial and Lateral Cords of the brachial plexus?
Median nerve
What nerve(s) arises from the Posterior Cord of the brachial plexus?
Upper Subscapular nerve Lower Subscapular nerve Thoracodorsal nerve Axillary nerve Radial nerve
A patient suffered a midshaft humeral fracture after falling from a scaffold. Which of the following muscle tests would you perform to test the integrity of the radial nerve?
A midshift humeral fracture likely affects the radial groove containing the profunda brachii and the radial nerve
-The radial nerve is responsible for forearm extension, wrist extention and digit extension.
A woman sustains a traumatic injury to the axilla that severely damages the thoracodorsal nerve. Which of the following arm movements is most likely affected in this patient?
The Latissimus Dorsi
-The actions of this muscle include extension, adduction, and medial rotation of the humerus at the shoulder
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Dorsal Scapular nerve?
Levator Scapulae
Rhomboid Minor
Rhomboid Major
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Long Thoracic nerve?
Serratus Anterior
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Suprascapular nerve?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Subclavian nerve?
Subclavius
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Lateral Pectoral nerve?
Pectoralis Major
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Musculocutaneous nerve?
Biceps
Brachialis
Coracobrachialis
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Medial Pectoral nerve?
Pectoralis Major
Pectoralis Minor
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Ulnar nerve?
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor Digitorum Profundus (medial aspect)
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Deep Ulnar nerve?
Adductor Pollicis Abductor Digiti Minimi Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis Opponens Digiti Minimi Lumbricals 3 and 4 Dorsal Interossei Palmar Interossei
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Median nerve?
Pronator Teres
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Palmaris Longus
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Anterior Interosseous nerve?
Flexor Digitorum Profundus (lateral aspect)
Flexor Pollicis Longus
Pronator Quadratus
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Recurrent Branch of the Median nerve?
Abductor Pollicis Brevis
Flexor Pollicis Brevis
Opponens Pollicis
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Upper Subscapular nerve?
Subscapularis
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Thoracodorsal nerve?
Latissimus Dorsi
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Lower Subscapular nerve?
Subscapularis
Teres Major
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Axillary nerve?
Deltoid
Teres Minor
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Radial nerve?
Triceps
Anconeus
Brachioradialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Deep Radial nerve?
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis
Supinator
Which muscle(s) are innervated by the Posterior Interosseous nerve?
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Extensor Digiti Minimi Extensor Digitorum Abductor Pollicis Longus Extensor Pollicis Brevis Extensor Pollicis Longus Extensor Indicis
