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Anterior/Medial Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

True or False: Fascia Lata is continuous with the Inguinal Ligament

A

True

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2
Q

What is the function of the Fascia Lata?

A
  • Limit outward extension of contracting muscles

- Increase compression of veins

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3
Q

What is the function of the three Fascial Intermuscular Septi?

A

Divide the thigh into three compartments (ant., post., lat.)

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4
Q

Which of the three Fascial Intermuscular Septi is continuous with the Fascia Lata?

A

Lateral Intermuscular Septum

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5
Q

Where do all three Fascial Intermuscular Septi meet?

A

Linea Aspera

-Bony landmark on the Femur

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6
Q

What muscles make up the Anterior Thigh?

A
  • Iliopsoas (Iliacus and Psoas Major)
  • Quadriceps Femoris (RF, VM, VL, VI)
  • Sartorius
  • Pectineus
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7
Q

What is the function of the Iliopsoas?

A
  • Hip flexion and stabilization

- Trunk flexion

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8
Q

What is the function of the Sartorius?

A
  • Abducts thigh
  • Laterally rotates thigh

-Flexion of the knee

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9
Q

What is the function of the Pectineus?

A
  • Adduction of the hip

- Flexion of the hip

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10
Q

What nerve innervates the Pectineus?

A

Half of muscle innervated by Femoral Nerve

Half of muscle innervated by Obturator Nerve

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11
Q

What is the function of all the Quadriceps Femoris muscles?

A

Extension of the knee

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12
Q

What is the function of the Rectus Femoris?

A
  • Extension of the knee

- Flexion of the hip

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13
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Iliopsoas?

A
  • Iliac branches of Femoral Artery

- Femoral Nerve

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14
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Sartorius?

A
  • Femoral Artery

- Femoral Nerve (anterior branch)

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15
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Quadriceps Femoris?

A
  • Profunda Femoris
  • Lateral Circumflex Femoral Artery

-Femoral Nerve (posterior branch)

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16
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Pectineus?

A
  • Obturator Artery
  • Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery
  • 1/2 Femoral Nerve
  • 1/2 Obturator Nerve
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17
Q

What muscles make up the Medial Thigh?

A
  • Obturator Externus
  • Adductor Brevis
  • Adductor Longus
  • Adductor Magnus
  • Gracilis
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18
Q

What is the function of the Gracilis?

A
  • Adducts thigh
  • Flexes the leg
  • Medially rotates the leg
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19
Q

Describe: Graciloplasty

A

Mobilization of the Gracilis to form a sling and create a new anal sphincter

Used to treat fecal incontinence from:

  • CNS disease
  • Anorectal disease
  • Trauma
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20
Q

What is the function of the Adductor Longus?

A
  • Adducts thigh

- Weak hip flexor

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21
Q

What is the function of the Adductor Brevis?

A
  • Adducts thigh

- Weak hip flexor

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22
Q

What is the function of the Adductor Magnus (Adductor Head and Hamstring Head)

A

Adductor Head:

  • Adducts thigh
  • Flexes hip

Hamstring Head:
-Extends thigh

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23
Q

What is the function of the Obturator Externus?

A
  • Laterally rotates thigh

- Stabilizes Femoral head in acetabulum

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24
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Obturator Externus?

A
  • Obturator Artery
  • Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

-Obturator Nerve (posterior branch)

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25
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Adductor Brevis?

A
  • Profunda Femoris
  • Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery
  • Obturator Artery

-Obturator Nerve (anterior and posterior branch)

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26
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Adductor Longus?

A
  • Profunda Femoris
  • Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

-Obturator Nerve (anterior branch)

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27
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Adductor Magnus?

A
  • Femoral Artery
  • Profunda Femoris
  • Obturator Artery

Adductor Head:
-Obturator Nerve (posterior branch)

Hamstring Head:
-Sciatic Nerve (tibial division)

28
Q

What provides blood supply and innervation to the: Gracilis?

A
  • Profunda Femoris
  • Medial Circumflex Femoral Artery

-Obturator Nerve (anterior branch)

29
Q

Define: Pes Anserine (“Goose’s Foot”)

A

Attachment of the Gracilis, Sartorius, and Semitendinosus on the Medial Tibial Tuberosity

30
Q

What is a Bursae?

A

Small, jelly-like sacs between bones and soft tissue to reduce friction

31
Q

Define: Pes Anserine Bursitis

A

Inflammation of of Pes Anserine Bursa caused by:

  • Repetitive overload of tendons
  • Neglecting stretching
  • Valgus knees
  • Obesity
32
Q

What nerve roots comprise the Femoral Nerve?

33
Q

What muscles are innervated by the Femoral Nerve?

A
  • Iliopsoas
  • Sartorius
  • Quadriceps Femoris (RF, VM, VI, VL)
  • 1/2 of the Pectineus
34
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the anteromedial aspect of the thigh?

A

Anterior Cutaneous Branch of the Femoral Nerve

35
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation to the lateral aspect of the thigh?

A

Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve

36
Q

Describe: Femoral Nerve Entrapment

A

Pinching of the Femoral Nerve causing pain, numbness, or weakness in the anterior thigh

Caused by:

  • Disc prolapse at L2/L3 or L3/L4
  • Hip arthritis
  • Wound at Femoral Triangle
37
Q

What is the results of a Femoral Nerve Entrapment?

A

Motor:

  • Complete loss of knee extension
  • Weakness in hip flexion

Sensory:

  • Loss of anteromedial thigh sensation
  • Loss of medial leg sensation
38
Q

What nerves does the Patellar Tendon Reflex test?

A
  • Femoral Nerve

- L2-L4 spinal segments

39
Q

Define: Hyperreflexia vs Areflexia

A

Hyperreflexia:

  • Overactive reflex
  • Femoral Nerve still intact, lesion on other brain fibers

Areflexia:

  • No reflex present
  • Lesion of the Femoral Nerve itself
40
Q

What nerve roots comprise the Obturator Nerve?

41
Q

Where does the Obturator Nerve split into anterior and posterior branches?

A

Within the Obturator Canal

42
Q

What muscles receive motor innervation from the anterior branches of the Obturator Nerve?

A
  • Pectineus
  • Adductor Longus
  • Adductor Brevis
  • Gracilis
43
Q

What area receives sensory innervation from the anterior branches of the Obturator Nerve?

A
  • Hip joint

- Medial aspect of the thigh

44
Q

What muscles receive motor innervation from the posterior branches of the Obturator Nerve?

A
  • Obturator Externus
  • Adductor Brevis
  • Adductor Magnus (Adductor Head)
45
Q

What muscles receive sensory innervation from the posterior branches of the Obturator Nerve?

A

Posterior aspect of the knee joint

46
Q

What is the pathway for the Great Saphenous Vein?

A

From Dorsum of the Foot and drains into Femoral Vein (about 3 cm. below Inguinal Ligament)

47
Q

Describe: Femoral Vein Cannulation

A

Catheter inserted in Femoral Vein to perform a Right Coronary Angiography

Under fluoroscopy guidance catheter placed through the External and Common Iliac Veins, through IVC, into the Right Atrium of the Heart

48
Q

Describe: Femoral Fracture

A
  • Damage to the Medial or Lateral Femoral Circumflex Artery

- Results in avascular necrosis of the Femoral Head

49
Q

Why is the Femoral Artery used a pulse point?

A

It had similar characteristics to the Radial Pulse

50
Q

How do you check for a Femoral Pulse?

A
  • Slightly abduct the thigh

- Press deeply below Inguinal Ligament (midway b/w Pubic Symphysis and ASIS)

51
Q

Describe: Peripheral Artery Disease

A
  • Narrowing of arteries that decreases blood flow to the limbs
  • Blockage due to plaque buildup (common in the legs)

Repaired with:

  • Femoral Popliteal Bypass
  • Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty
52
Q

What are the boundaries of the Femoral Triangle?

A

Superior: Inguinal Ligament
Lateral: Sartorius
Medial: Adductor Longus

Roof: Fascia Lata
Floor: Iliopsoas, Pectineus

53
Q

What are the contents of the Femoral Triangle?

A

N.A.V.L.

  • Femoral Nerve
  • Femoral Artery
  • Femoral Vein
  • Lymphatics
54
Q

Describe: Femoral Hernia

A

Protrusion of a loop of intestine through a weakened abdominal wall lateral to the pubic tubercle

Causes:

  • Congenital defect
  • Heavy lifting
  • Obesity
  • More common in Females
  • Requires surgery to repair
55
Q

What type of joint is the Knee?

A

Hinge type of synovial joint

56
Q

What is the joint capsule of the Knee comprised of?

A
  • External Fibrous Layer

- Internal Synovial Layer

57
Q

What structures strengthen the joint capsule of the Knee?

A
  • Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)
  • Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)
  • Patellar Ligament
58
Q

What is the function of the Medial Collateral Ligament?

A

Prevents abduction of the Knee joint

59
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Collateral Ligament?

A

Prevents adduction of the Knee joint

60
Q

What is the function of the Patellar Ligament?

A
  • Holds Femur and Tibia together

- Attachment for Quadriceps Femoris muscles

61
Q

What is the function of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament?

A

Prevents anterior dislocation of Tibia on the Femur (stops Tibia from sliding forward)

62
Q

What is the function of the Posterior Cruciate Ligament?

A

Prevents posterior dislocation of Tibia on the Femur (stops Tibia from sliding backwards)

63
Q

What is the function of the Medial and Lateral Meniscus?

A

Absorb shock

64
Q

What is the test performed to check if the ACL is torn?

A

Anterior Drawer Test

65
Q

What is the test performed to check if the PCL is torn?

A

Posterior Drawer Test

66
Q

Describe: Unhappy Triad (“Blown Knee”)

A

Injury to ACL, either Meniscus, and MCL

  • ACL reconstructed with tendon graft
  • Meniscus is repaired or transplanted
  • MCL usually heals on its own
67
Q

What nerve plexus is responsible for innervating the anterior and medial thigh?

A

Lumbar plexus

Anatomy (12 decks)

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