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Anatomy > Gluteal and Posterior Thigh > Flashcards

Gluteal and Posterior Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the Labrum in the Hip joint?

A

It extends the acetabulum deeper than just the boney structure (makes the cup bigger/deeper)

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2
Q

What artery supplies the head of the Femur during adolescence?

A

Acetabular branch of the Obturator Artery

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3
Q

What are the three ligaments that hold the Hip joint together?

A
  • Iliofemoral ligament (“y” ligament of Bigelow)
  • Ischiofemoral ligament
  • Pubofemoral ligament
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4
Q

When is the Hip joint most stable?

A

At extension

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5
Q

When is the Hip joint most vulnerable?

A

At flexion

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6
Q

Describe: Coxa Vara

A
  • Abnormally decreased angle of inclination at the hip joint (right angle)
  • Increased congruity of joint (stable joint)
  • Decreased range of motion (cannot fully abduct leg)
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7
Q

Describe: Coxa Valga

A
  • Abnormally increased angle of inclination at the hip joint (obtuse angle)
  • Decreased congruity of joint (unstable joint)
  • Increased risk of dislocation
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8
Q

What is the biggest risk during a hip fracture in the Femoral Neck?

A
  • Risk for avascular necrosis of the Femoral Head
  • A fracture of the Femoral Neck will be within the joint capsule where all of the blood vessels that supply the head and neck of the Femur are located
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9
Q

What is a Clinical Sign of a Fractured Hip?

A

Shortened, laterally rotated leg

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10
Q

What is a Clinical Sign of a Dislocated Hip?

A

Shortened, medially rotated leg

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11
Q

Why would a young person receive a cement-less implant during a Hip Arthroplasty?

A
  • Without cement, the bone will grow into the implant providing a more stable joint over a longer period of time
  • Patient cannot bear weight on the joint right away
  • For younger, active patients
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12
Q

What nerve plexus is responsible for innervating the Gluteal region and Posterior thigh?

A

Sacral Plexus

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13
Q

True or False: Two spinal nerve must be knocked out to lose sensation in a dermatome

A

True

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14
Q

What are the nerve roots that comprise the Lumbosacral Trunk?

A

L4-L5

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15
Q

What are the nerve roots that comprise the Superior Gluteal Nerve?

A

L4-S1

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16
Q

What are the nerve roots that comprise the Inferior Gluteal Nerve?

A

L5-S2

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17
Q

What are the nerve roots that comprise the Nerve to the Piriformis?

A

S1-S2

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18
Q

What are the nerve roots that comprise the Sciatic Nerve?

A

L4-S3

19
Q

What are the nerve roots that comprise the Common Fibular Nerve?

A

L4-S2

20
Q

What are the nerve roots that comprise the Tibial Nerve?

A

L4-S3

21
Q

What are the nerve roots that comprise the Posterior Femoral Cutaneous Nerve?

A

S1-S3

22
Q

What are the nerve roots that comprise the Pudendal Nerve?

A

S2-S4

23
Q

What muscle is located in the Fascia Lata?

A

Tensor Fascia Lata

24
Q

What are the three nerves that run down the Posterior Thigh?

A
  • Sciatic Nerve
  • Common Fibular Nerve
  • Tibial Nerve
25
Q

What is the function of the Posterior compartment of the Thigh?

A
  • Extend the hip

- Flex the knee

26
Q

What are the three Gluteal muscles?

A
  • Gluteus maximus
  • Gluteus medius
  • Gluteus minimus
27
Q

What are the six Lateral Rotator muscles?

“PGOGOQ”

A
  • Piriformis
  • Superior Gemellus
  • Obturator Internus
  • Inferior Gemellus
  • Obturator Externus
  • Quadratus Femoris
28
Q

What nerve sits in between the Gluteus Medius and Gluteus Minimus?

A

Superior Gluteal Nerve

sits directly on top of Gluteus Minimus

29
Q

True or False: The Sciatic Nerve runs over the Piriformis muscle

A

False

-Sciatic nerve runs underneath the Piriformis

30
Q

Describe: Trendelenburg Gait (Gluteus Medius Lurch)

A
  • Superior Gluteal Nerve lesion
  • High stepping gait to compensate for toe drag (leans over to the side of the injury)
  • Side of lesion makes the opposite leg fall and drag toe (lesion in right leg leads to toe drag of the left leg)
31
Q

Describe: Extensor Lurch (Gluteus Maximus Lurch)

A
  • Inferior Gluteal Nerve lesion
  • Pelvis is shifted forward causing difficulty rising from chair, walking up stairs, or running
  • Patient leans backwards to maintain balance
32
Q

Describe: Piriformis Syndrome

A
  • Compression of Sciatic Nerve by Piriformis
  • Results in pain in the buttocks and down the leg
  • Can be tested by having patient lie down, toes will stick out laterally
33
Q

Describe: Intermuscular Injection

A
  • Injection of medication given in the Upper Outer Quadrant of the Gluteal Region to avoid injuring the Superior Gluteal Nerve
  • In between the Tubercle of Iliac Crest and the ASIS
34
Q

What are the muscles of the Posterior Thigh (“Hamstring muscles”)?

A
  • Biceps Femoris
  • Semimembranosus
  • Semitendinosus
35
Q

Describe: Hamstring Injury

A
  • Can be a pull or tear caused by a sudden change in motion (moving fast to a sudden stop)
  • You will hear an audible “pop”
  • Grades 1-3 (Grade 3 with avulsion requires surgery)
36
Q

What nerve provides motor innervation to the Biceps Femoris (long head)?

A

Tibial Nerve

37
Q

What nerve provides motor innervation to the Biceps Femoris (short head)?

A

Common Fibular Nerve

38
Q

What nerve provides motor innervation to the Semitendinosus?

A

Tibial Nerve

39
Q

What nerve provides motor innervation to the Semimembranosus?

A

Tibial Nerve

40
Q

What vessel provides blood supply to the Hamstring muscles?

A

Perforating branches of the Profunda Femoris

41
Q

What are the borders of the Popliteal Fossa?

A

Superior Lateral: Biceps Femoris (long head)
Superior Medial: Semitendinosus
Inferior Lateral: Gastrocnemius (lateral head)
Inferior Medial: Gastrocnemius (medial head)

42
Q

What are the contents of the Popliteal Fossa?

A
  • Popliteal Artery (and Genicular Branches)
  • Popliteal Vein
  • Sciatic Nerve (Tibial and Fibular portions)
43
Q

What nerve provides provides Cutaneous innervation to the Posterior aspect of the leg?

A

Sural Nerve

44
Q

Describe: Baker’s Cyst

A
  • Collection of fluid in Semimembranosus bursa (in the Popliteal Fossa)
  • No treatment necessary unless it causes a problem
  • Cortisone injections to manage pain

Anatomy (12 decks)

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