Exam 2 Flashcards
What are the two external structures of the Brain?
- Cerebrum
- Cerebellum
What separates the two hemispheres of the Brain?
Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure
What are the “bumps” on the Brain called?
Gyri
What are the “grooves” of the Brain called?
Sulci
What are the five lobes of the Brain?
- Frontal
- Parietal
- Temporal
- Occipital
- Insular
What does the Frontal Lobe of the Brain control?
- Higher executive functions
- Personality
- Voluntary movement
What does the Parietal Lobe of the Brain control?
- Somatosensory information processing (pain, touch, temp.)
- Spatial orientation
What does the Temporal Lobe of the Brain control?
- Processing of sound
- Speech and memory
- Emotion
What does the Occipital Lobe of the Brain control?
-Visual processing
What does the Insular Lobe of the Brain control?
- Taste integration (“flavor”)
- Visceral pain sensations
How is the Insular Lobe of the Brain accessed?
Through the Lateral Fissure
What is the purpose of the Central Sulcus (groove) of the Brain?
Separates the Precentral and Postcentral Gyri
What is the function of the Postcentral Gyrus?
Receives Sensory stimuli from the posterior horns of the Spinal Cord
What is the function of the Precentral Gyrus?
Send out Motor responses through the anterior horn of the Spinal Cord
What is the Homunculus?
Areas of Cortex that receive sensory stimuli or send motor responses to specific parts of the body
What are the three main Gyri of the Anterior Frontal Lobe?
- Superior Frontal Gyrus
- Middle Frontal Gyrus
- Inferior Frontal Gyrus
What are the three main Gyri of the Temporal Lobe?
- Superior Temporal Gyri
- Middle Temportal Gyri
- Inferior Temportal Gyri
What does the Uncus sit on top of?
Amygdala (fear processing center)
Which Cranial Nerve lies near the Uncus?
Cranial Nerve III (Oculomotor nerve)
Where is the Uncus located?
Innermost portion of the Temporal Lobe of the Brain
Describe an Uncal Herniation?
- Epidural bleed increases intracranial pressure
- Increased pressure pushes Uncus through the Tenorium Cerebelli
- Uncus presses on CN III affecing its parasympathetic fibers
- Pupil is unable to constrict and remains fixed and dialated
What is the parasympathetic function of CN III?
Constriction of the pupil
What is the result of an injury to the parasympathetic fibers of CN III?
Results in a fixed, dialted pupil
(Uncal Herniation)
What structure connects the right and left hemispheres of the Brain?
Corpus Callosum
What are the four parts of the Corpus Callosum?
- Rostrum
- Genu
- Body
- Splenium
Label this image:
What structure lies directly superior to the Corpus Callosum?
Cingulate Gyrus
What is the function of the Cingulate Gyrus?
- Processing of emotions
- Regulation of behavior
Which structure separates the two Lateral Ventricles of the Brain?
Septum Pellucidum
What is the function of the Thalamus?
Relays sensory and motor information between the Cortex of the Brain and the Brainstem
What is the function of the Hypothalamus?
Regulates:
- Hormones
- Body temperature
- Appetite
What is the function of the Brainstem?
Regulation of vital life functions:
- Breathing
- Heart rate and blood pressure
- Consciousness
What are the three parts of the Brainstem?
- Midbrain
- Pons
- Medulla
Label the parts of the Brainstem:
What is the function of the Cerebellum?
- Proprioception
- Balance
- Motor learning
- Coordination
What is an Arnold-Chiari Malformation?
Herniation of the Cerebellar Tonsil through the Foramen Magnum
What is the cause of an Arnold-Chiari Malformation?
Neural tube development disorder
-May be associated with Spina Bifida
What is the main symptom of an Arnold-Chiari Malformation?
Hydrocephalus
True or False: CN I neurons synapse at the Olfactory Bulb and are present on the Ventral Brain.
False
-CN I neurons are not present on the Ventral Brain
True or False: CN I and II are surrounded by Dura Mater.
True
Where are the neurons for CN I located?
In nasal epithelium
Which two structures are pictured here and to which Cranial Nerve do they originate from?
CN I (Olfactory Nerve)
- Olfactory bulb
- Olfactory tract
Which Cranial Nerve is pictured here?
CN II