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Anatomy > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary nerve plexus that innervates the foot?

A

Sacral Plexus

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2
Q

What nerve innervates the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Tibial nerve

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3
Q

What two bones make up the Hindfoot?

A
  • Talus (connects leg to rest of foot)

- Calcaneus (heel bone)

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4
Q

What five bones make up the Midfoot?

A
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • Medial Cuneiform
  • Intermediate Cuneiform
  • Lateral Cuneiform
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5
Q

What two groups of bone make up the Forefoot?

A
  • Metatarsals

- Phalanges

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6
Q

What is the difference between the first toe and the rest of the toes?

A

Big toe only has Proximal and Distal Phalanx (no middle)

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7
Q

Where is the midline of the foot?

A

Through the second digit

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8
Q

Mnemonic: “Talus Covers Navicular, Navicular Covers Cuneiforms”

A
  • Talus
  • Calcaneus
  • Navicular
  • Cuboid
  • Cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral)
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9
Q

Where are the Extensor Digitorum Longus and Extensor Hallucis Longus located?

A

Anterior surface of lower leg (shin)

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10
Q

What nerves innervates the majority of the dorsum of the foot?

A

Superficial Fibular Nerve

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11
Q

What nerve innervates the skin between the 1st and 2nd digit in the dorsum of the foot?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

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12
Q

What nerve innervates the Extensor Digitorum Brevis and Extensor Hallucis Brevis?

A

Deep Fibular Nerve

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13
Q

What nerve innervates the Dorsal Interossei?

A

Lateral Plantar Nerve

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14
Q

What artery supplies the Extensor Digitorum Brevis and Extensor Hallucis Brevis?

A

Dorsalis Pedis Artery

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15
Q

What arteries supply the Dorsal Interossei?

A

Dorsal Metatarsal Arteries

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16
Q

What is the function of the Plantar Fascia?

A
  • Support longitudinal arches

- Protects sole of foot

17
Q

Describe: Plantar Fasciitis

A

Overuse injury that causes inflammation of the Plantar Fascia

  • Pain from Calcaneus causing pressure on fascia
  • Can result in a Heel Spur
18
Q

What is the function of the Medial Longitudinal Arch of the foot?

A

Weight-bearing

19
Q

What is the function of the Lateral Longitudinal Arch of the foot?

A

Provides balance

20
Q

What structures make up the Transverse Arch of the foot?

A
  • Tibialis Posterior Tendon

- Fibularis Longus Tendon

21
Q

What structures are most important in maintaining the arches of the foot?

A
  • Plantar ligaments

- Plantar aponeurosis

22
Q

Describe: Pes Cavus

A
  • Bone or neurologic condition resulting in an abnormally high arch (normal in 10% of pop.)
  • Reduced ability to absorb shock from ground (pain)
  • Surgery to fix (triple arthrodesis with soft tissue reconstruction)
23
Q

Describe: Pes Planus

A
  • Flat footed or fallen arches
  • Affects 20% of adult population
  • Painful, achy feet/difficulty standing on toes
  • Treated conservatively
24
Q

What is in the first layer of the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Three muscles

  • Abductor Hallucis
  • Flexor Digitorum Brevis
  • Abductor Digiti Minimi
25
Q

What is in the second layer of the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Two muscles, Two tendons

  • Lumbricals
  • Quadratus Plantae
  • Flexor Digitorum Longus tendon
  • Flexor Hallucis Longus tendon
26
Q

What is in the third layer of the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Three muscles

  • Flexor Hallucis Brevis
  • Adductor Hallucis
  • Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis
27
Q

What is in the fourth layer of the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Two muscles, Two tendons

  • Plantar interossei
  • Dorsal interossei
  • Tibialis Posterior tendon
  • Fibularis Longus tendon
28
Q

Under what structure do the Posterior Tibial Artery and Tibial Nerve run in the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Posterior Tibial Artery and Tibial Nerve run under the Abductor Hallucis muscles

29
Q

What structures receive motor innervation from the Medial Plantar Nerve?

A
  • 1st lumbrical
  • Abductor Hallucis
  • Flexor Hallucis Brevis
  • Flexor Digitorum Brevis
30
Q

What structures receive sensory innervation from the Medial Plantar Nerve?

A

All of digits 1, 2, 3

Half of digit 4

31
Q

What structures receive motor innervation from the Lateral Plantar Nerve?

A

All other muscles of the plantar foot

32
Q

What structures receive sensory innervation from the Lateral Plantar Nerve?

A

Half of digit 4

All of digit 5

33
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation the to medial aspect on the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Saphenous Nerve

34
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation the to lateral aspect on the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Sural Nerve

35
Q

What nerve provides sensory innervation the to heel on the plantar surface of the foot?

A

Medial Calcaneal Branch of the Tibial Nerve

Anatomy (12 decks)

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