Foot Flashcards
What is the primary nerve plexus that innervates the foot?
Sacral Plexus
What nerve innervates the plantar surface of the foot?
Tibial nerve
What two bones make up the Hindfoot?
- Talus (connects leg to rest of foot)
- Calcaneus (heel bone)
What five bones make up the Midfoot?
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- Medial Cuneiform
- Intermediate Cuneiform
- Lateral Cuneiform
What two groups of bone make up the Forefoot?
- Metatarsals
- Phalanges
What is the difference between the first toe and the rest of the toes?
Big toe only has Proximal and Distal Phalanx (no middle)
Where is the midline of the foot?
Through the second digit
Mnemonic: “Talus Covers Navicular, Navicular Covers Cuneiforms”
- Talus
- Calcaneus
- Navicular
- Cuboid
- Cuneiform (medial, intermediate, lateral)
Where are the Extensor Digitorum Longus and Extensor Hallucis Longus located?
Anterior surface of lower leg (shin)
What nerves innervates the majority of the dorsum of the foot?
Superficial Fibular Nerve
What nerve innervates the skin between the 1st and 2nd digit in the dorsum of the foot?
Deep Fibular Nerve
What nerve innervates the Extensor Digitorum Brevis and Extensor Hallucis Brevis?
Deep Fibular Nerve
What nerve innervates the Dorsal Interossei?
Lateral Plantar Nerve
What artery supplies the Extensor Digitorum Brevis and Extensor Hallucis Brevis?
Dorsalis Pedis Artery
What arteries supply the Dorsal Interossei?
Dorsal Metatarsal Arteries
What is the function of the Plantar Fascia?
- Support longitudinal arches
- Protects sole of foot
Describe: Plantar Fasciitis
Overuse injury that causes inflammation of the Plantar Fascia
- Pain from Calcaneus causing pressure on fascia
- Can result in a Heel Spur
What is the function of the Medial Longitudinal Arch of the foot?
Weight-bearing
What is the function of the Lateral Longitudinal Arch of the foot?
Provides balance
What structures make up the Transverse Arch of the foot?
- Tibialis Posterior Tendon
- Fibularis Longus Tendon
What structures are most important in maintaining the arches of the foot?
- Plantar ligaments
- Plantar aponeurosis
Describe: Pes Cavus
- Bone or neurologic condition resulting in an abnormally high arch (normal in 10% of pop.)
- Reduced ability to absorb shock from ground (pain)
- Surgery to fix (triple arthrodesis with soft tissue reconstruction)
Describe: Pes Planus
- Flat footed or fallen arches
- Affects 20% of adult population
- Painful, achy feet/difficulty standing on toes
- Treated conservatively
What is in the first layer of the plantar surface of the foot?
Three muscles
- Abductor Hallucis
- Flexor Digitorum Brevis
- Abductor Digiti Minimi
