Lecute 7/8 Biosynthesis

Question 1

Heterotrophs use ______molecules as carbon sources which often also serve as energy source

Answer 1

Organic

Question 2

Autotrophs use ______ as their sole or principal carbon source

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide

Question 3

Phototrophs use ______ for energy source

Answer 3

Light

Question 4

Chemotrophs obtain energy form _____ of chemical compounds

Answer 4

Oxidation

Question 5

Lithographs use _______ for electron source

Answer 5

Reduced inorganic substances

Question 6

organotrophs obtain electrons from _______

Answer 6

Organic compounds

Question 7

Fermentation

Answer 7

• Oxidation of NADH produced by glycolysis
• Pyruvate or derivative used as endogenous electron acceptor
• Substrate only partially oxidized
• Oxygen not needed
• Oxidative phosphorylation does not occur (ATP formed by substrate level phosphorylation)

Question 8

Pyruvate can have turn into lots of end products but what do they all have in common

Answer 8

They are electron acceptor

Question 9

The main method to make ATP by a strict anaerobe is by the _____

Answer 9

EM pathway

Question 10

Triglycerides are hydrolyzed to ____ and ____ by lipases

Answer 10

Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 11

Glycerol is degraded via _____

Answer 11

Glycolytic pathway

Question 12

Fatty acids often oxidized via ______ pathway

Answer 12

Beta-oxidation

Question 13

The majority of microorganism known are what nutritional types

Answer 13

• Photolithoautotrophs

- Chemoorganoheterotrophs (majority of pathogens)

Question 14

What 3 classes of nutritional types have ecological importance

Answer 14

• Photoorganoheterotrophs
• Chemolithoautotrophs
• Chemolithotrophs

Question 15

Microbial metabolism impacts our lives in many ways. Explain?

Answer 15

• The metabolic waste products of microorganism so are used by humans
• Waste products contribute to disease in humans
• Metabolic processes that are unique to microbes are potential targets for anti microbial drugs

Question 16

Despite diversity of energy, electron, and carbon sources used by organisms, they all have the same basic needs, which are

Answer 16

• ATP as an energy currency
• Reducing power to supply electrons for chemical reactions
• Precursor metabolites for biosynthesis

Question 17

May microorganisms change nutritional type

Answer 17

Yes (some have great metabolic flexibility based on environmental requirements) ( this provides a distinct advantage if environmental conditions change frequently)

Question 18

most respiration involves use of an

Answer 18

Electron transport chain

Question 19

As electrons pass through the electron transport chain to the final electron acceptor, a _______ is generated and used to synthesize ____

Answer 19

A proton motive force (PMF), ATP

Question 20

In aerobic respiration the final electron acceptor is _____

Answer 20

Oxygen

Question 21

In anaerobic respiration the final electron acceptor is

Answer 21

• Different exogenous acceptor such as (NO3-, SO(4)^2-, CO2, Fe^3+, or SeO4^2-
• organic acceptors may also be used

Question 22

In respiration ATP is made primarily by

Answer 22

Oxidative phosphorylation

Question 23

Fermentation uses an _____ electron acceptor

Answer 23

Endogenous (usually an intermediate of the pathway used to oxidize the organic energy source e.g. Pyruvate

Question 24

Does fermentation involve the use of an electron transport chain or the generation of a proton motive force

Answer 24

NO

Question 25

Fermentation synthesizes ATP only by

Answer 25

Substrate level phosphorylation

Question 26

Most pathways generate ____ or _____ of the pathways used in glucose metabolism

Answer 26

Glucose or intermediates

Question 27

Catabolic pathways

Answer 27

• Enzyme catalyzed reactions whereby the product of one reaction serves as the substrate for the next
• pathways also provide material for biosynthesis
• Amphibolic pathways

Question 28

Amphibolic pathways function as

Answer 28

• Function as both Catholic and anabolic pathways

Question 29

What an the important Amphiboic pathways

Answer 29

• EMbden-Meyerhof pathway
• Pentose phosphate pathway
• Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle

Question 30

Carbon source often provides ___, ___, and ____

Answer 30

H, O, and electrons