Lecute 7/8 Biosynthesis Flashcards
Heterotrophs use ______molecules as carbon sources which often also serve as energy source
Organic
Autotrophs use ______ as their sole or principal carbon source
Carbon dioxide
Phototrophs use ______ for energy source
Light
Chemotrophs obtain energy form _____ of chemical compounds
Oxidation
Lithographs use _______ for electron source
Reduced inorganic substances
organotrophs obtain electrons from _______
Organic compounds
Fermentation
- Oxidation of NADH produced by glycolysis
- Pyruvate or derivative used as endogenous electron acceptor
- Substrate only partially oxidized
- Oxygen not needed
- Oxidative phosphorylation does not occur (ATP formed by substrate level phosphorylation)
Pyruvate can have turn into lots of end products but what do they all have in common
They are electron acceptor
The main method to make ATP by a strict anaerobe is by the _____
EM pathway
Triglycerides are hydrolyzed to ____ and ____ by lipases
Glycerol and fatty acids
Glycerol is degraded via _____
Glycolytic pathway
Fatty acids often oxidized via ______ pathway
Beta-oxidation
The majority of microorganism known are what nutritional types
- Photolithoautotrophs
- Chemoorganoheterotrophs (majority of pathogens)
What 3 classes of nutritional types have ecological importance
- Photoorganoheterotrophs
- Chemolithoautotrophs
- Chemolithotrophs
Microbial metabolism impacts our lives in many ways. Explain?
- The metabolic waste products of microorganism so are used by humans
- Waste products contribute to disease in humans
- Metabolic processes that are unique to microbes are potential targets for anti microbial drugs
Despite diversity of energy, electron, and carbon sources used by organisms, they all have the same basic needs, which are
- ATP as an energy currency
- Reducing power to supply electrons for chemical reactions
- Precursor metabolites for biosynthesis
May microorganisms change nutritional type
Yes (some have great metabolic flexibility based on environmental requirements) ( this provides a distinct advantage if environmental conditions change frequently)
most respiration involves use of an
Electron transport chain
As electrons pass through the electron transport chain to the final electron acceptor, a _______ is generated and used to synthesize ____
A proton motive force (PMF), ATP
In aerobic respiration the final electron acceptor is _____
Oxygen
In anaerobic respiration the final electron acceptor is
- Different exogenous acceptor such as (NO3-, SO(4)^2-, CO2, Fe^3+, or SeO4^2-
- organic acceptors may also be used
In respiration ATP is made primarily by
Oxidative phosphorylation
Fermentation uses an _____ electron acceptor
Endogenous (usually an intermediate of the pathway used to oxidize the organic energy source e.g. Pyruvate
Does fermentation involve the use of an electron transport chain or the generation of a proton motive force
NO
Fermentation synthesizes ATP only by
Substrate level phosphorylation
Most pathways generate ____ or _____ of the pathways used in glucose metabolism
Glucose or intermediates
Catabolic pathways
- Enzyme catalyzed reactions whereby the product of one reaction serves as the substrate for the next
- pathways also provide material for biosynthesis
- Amphibolic pathways
Amphibolic pathways function as
- Function as both Catholic and anabolic pathways
What an the important Amphiboic pathways
- EMbden-Meyerhof pathway
- Pentose phosphate pathway
- Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle
Carbon source often provides ___, ___, and ____
H, O, and electrons
