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Microbiology > Bacteria to know for Exam 2 > Flashcards

Bacteria to know for Exam 2 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Chlamydia

A
  • Gram negative
  • Obligate intracellular
  • no muramic acid or peptidoglycan
  • no carbohydrate metabolism
  • cause
    • chlamydia
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2
Q

Yersinia

A
  • Gram negative
  • Virulence factors
    • Endotoxin
    • live in phagocyte
  • mode of transmission
    • droplet
    • Flea is vector
  • Causes
    • Yersiia pestis causes plague (can be bubonic, pneumonic, or septicemic)
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3
Q

Mycoplasma

A
  • Sterol instead of peptidoglycan
  • adhere to respiratory tract
  • Transmission
    • droplet
  • Cause
    • primary atypical pneumonia
    • UTI- ureoplasma
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4
Q

Borrelia

A
  • Virulence factors
    • Axial filament
      • for motility
  • Vector
    • Ticks
  • Reservoir
    • Field mice
  • Disease
    • Lyme disease
      • 3 stages
        • bullseye rash, arthritis, and neurological symptoms
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5
Q

Myobacterium

A
  • Causes:
    • Tuberculosis
      • M. Boris, M. tuberculosis
    • Leprosy
      • M. leprae
    • M. avium complex
      • pulmonary infection GI infection
  • Virulence factors:
    • mycolic acid
    • escape phagocytosis
    • Multi-drug resistance
  • Transmission
    • Droplet
    • Prolonged exposure (leprosy)
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6
Q

Clostridium

A
  • Gram positive
  • Virulence factors
    • Spore forming
    • neurotoxin (botulism and tetani)
  • Causes
    • C. tetani causes tetanus (rigid paralysis), c. botulinum causes botulism (flaccid paralysis)
    • C. perfringens causes gas gangrene
    • C. difficile causes diarrhea
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7
Q

Helicobacter

A
  • Gram negative
  • Virulence factors
    • fimbriae
    • urease
      • converts urea to ammonia to CO2
    • flagella
  • Transmission
    • person to person
  • Causes
    • Peptic ulcers
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8
Q

Lactobacillus

A
  • gram postive
  • normal mirobiota of:
    • mouth, intestine, and vagina
  • cause:
    • dental carries
  • Produce H2O2 in vagina
  • found in yogurt
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9
Q

Listeria

A
  • Gram positive
  • Virulence factors:
    • Reproduce in phagocytes
    • flagella
    • grows in refridgerator
    • use host actin to propel cell to cell
  • transmission
    • Food-borne
  • diseases Listeriosis
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10
Q

Leptospira

A
  • Gram negative
  • Spirochete
  • Reservoirs
    • Dogs
    • Rats
    • contaminated drinking water
  • Causes
    • biphasic: aches, fever, meningitis, kidney/liver failure, and respiratory distress
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11
Q

Treponema

A
  • Gram negative
  • Spirochete
    • so have axial filament for motility
  • Transmission
    • Sexual
    • In utero
  • Disease
    • Syphilis
      • 3 stages
        • ulcers
        • rash on palms and soles
        • gummas
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12
Q

Bacillus

A
  • Gram positive
  • Virulence factors
    • Exotoxin
    • Capsule
  • Causes
    • Food poisoning- B. cereus
    • Anthrax poisoning- B. Authracis
      • ​anthrax is contracted via GI> Cutaneous> pulmonary)
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13
Q

Neisseria

A
  • Gram negative
  • virulence factors
    • Catalase
    • capsule
    • fimbriae
    • opa protein (prevents CD34 prolieration)
    • S pili (decoys)
  • Transmission
    • droplet
  • Causes
    • gonorrhea
    • meningitis
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14
Q

Klebisella

A
  • Gram negative
  • Virulence factors
    • Flagella
    • Capsules
    • drug resistance
    • Nitrogen fixation
  • Causes
    • pneumoniae- K. pneumoniae
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15
Q

Campylobacter

A
  • Gram negative
  • Cytotoxin
  • Revervoirs
    • Water, food animals
  • Causes
    • Gastroenteritis- C. jejuni
    • Guillain barre syndrome
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16
Q

Corynebacterium

A
  • Gram positive
  • Virulence factors
    • AB toxin (inhibits host protein synthesis)
  • Transmission
    • Airborne
  • Disease
    • Diptheria- C. diptheiae
17
Q

Pseudomonas

A
  • Gram negative
  • Virulence factors
    • Drug resistant
      • ​Efflux pumps
    • Flagella
    • opportunistic/nosocomial
  • Causes
    • swimmers ear
    • post burn infections
    • dermatitis
    • blue/green pus
18
Q

Rickettsia

A
  • Gram negative
  • Virulence factors
    • Escape phagosome
  • Obligate intracellular pathogen
  • Vector
    • blood sucking anthropods (ticks)
  • Causes
    • Rocky mountain spotted fever
      • rash on palm and sole
    • typhus fever
      • muscle aches
19
Q

Bordetella

A
  • Gram negative
  • virulence factors
    • Capsule
    • pertussis toxin (inhibits protein syntheis)
    • tracheal cytotoxin (destroy epithelia)
  • Transmission
    • droplet
  • Causes
    • Pertussis/whooping cough (catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescence stages)
20
Q

Legionella

A
  • Gram negative
  • Virulence factors
    • Hsp 60
    • invasion in alveolar macrophage
  • transmission
    • airborn
    • water
  • Causes
    • legionnaires disease
    • pontiac fever
21
Q

Salmonella

A
  • Gram negative
  • Virulence factors
    • Endotoxin
    • cytotoxin
  • Transmission
    • Food
  • Causes
    • Salmonellosis
    • Typhoid fever
22
Q

Escherichia

A
  • Gram Negative
  • Virulence factors
    • Endotoxin
    • O antigen (LPS)
    • K antigen (capsule)
    • H antigen (flagella)
    • shiga toxin
  • Causes
    • Travelers diarrhea (gastroenteritis)
23
Q

Vibrio

A
  • Gram positive
  • Virulence factors
    • Cholera toxin
    • adherence to intesintal mucosa
  • Causes
    • Cholera (ricewater stools)
24
Q

Streptococcus

A
  • Gram positve
  • S. pyogenes (group A):
    • causes:
      • Sore throat, scarlet fever, nephritis
    • Transmission
      • Respiratory droplets
      • direct or indirect contact
  • S. agalactiae (group B)
    • Cause
      • neonatal sepsis
  • Virulence factors:
    • Streptolysin O and S
      • Kill host leukocytes
    • Capsules
      • attachment
    • M protein
      • Attachment
    • Extracellular enzymes
      • break down host molecules
    • Strepokinases
      • Dissolve clots
25
Q

Shigella

A
  • Gram negative
  • Virulence factors
    • Shiga exotoxin
    • M cell invasion
    • rearrance host actin
    • avoid immune system
  • Reservoirs
    • Humans
  • Cause
    • Bacillary dysentery (bloody diarrhea)
26
Q

Staphylococcus

A
  • Gram Positive
  • Virulence factors
    • Coagulase
    • Exotoxin
    • Enterotoxin
    • Capsule
    • Biofilm
    • Drug resistance
  • S. aureus in normal flora
  • enterotoxin causes TSS
27
Q

Enterobacter

A
  • Gram negative
  • UTI and nosocomial infections-
    • E. aerogenes

Microbiology (16 decks)

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