Bacteria to know for Exam 2 Flashcards

Question 1

Q

Chlamydia

Answer

A

Gram negative
Obligate intracellular
no muramic acid or peptidoglycan
no carbohydrate metabolism
cause
- chlamydia

Question 2

Q

Yersinia

Answer

A

Gram negative
Virulence factors
- Endotoxin
- live in phagocyte
mode of transmission
- droplet
- Flea is vector
Causes
- Yersiia pestis causes plague (can be bubonic, pneumonic, or septicemic)

Question 3

Q

Mycoplasma

Answer

A

Sterol instead of peptidoglycan
adhere to respiratory tract
Transmission
- droplet
Cause
- primary atypical pneumonia
- UTI- ureoplasma

Question 4

Q

Borrelia

Answer

A

Virulence factors
- Axial filament
  - for motility
Vector
- Ticks
Reservoir
- Field mice
Disease
- Lyme disease
  - 3 stages
    - bullseye rash, arthritis, and neurological symptoms

Question 5

Q

Myobacterium

Answer

A

Causes:
- Tuberculosis
  - M. Boris, M. tuberculosis
- Leprosy
  - M. leprae
- M. avium complex
  - pulmonary infection GI infection
Virulence factors:
- mycolic acid
- escape phagocytosis
- Multi-drug resistance
Transmission
- Droplet
- Prolonged exposure (leprosy)

Question 6

Q

Clostridium

Answer

A

Gram positive
Virulence factors
- Spore forming
- neurotoxin (botulism and tetani)
Causes
- C. tetani causes tetanus (rigid paralysis), c. botulinum causes botulism (flaccid paralysis)
- C. perfringens causes gas gangrene
- C. difficile causes diarrhea

Question 7

Q

Helicobacter

Answer

A

Gram negative
Virulence factors
- fimbriae
- urease
  - converts urea to ammonia to CO₂
- flagella
Transmission
- person to person
Causes
- Peptic ulcers

Question 8

Q

Lactobacillus

Answer

A

gram postive
normal mirobiota of:
- mouth, intestine, and vagina
cause:
- dental carries
Produce H₂O₂in vagina
found in yogurt

Question 9

Q

Listeria

Answer

A

Gram positive
Virulence factors:
- Reproduce in phagocytes
- flagella
- grows in refridgerator
- use host actin to propel cell to cell
transmission
- Food-borne
diseases Listeriosis

Question 10

Q

Leptospira

Answer

A

Gram negative
Spirochete
Reservoirs
- Dogs
- Rats
- contaminated drinking water
Causes
- biphasic: aches, fever, meningitis, kidney/liver failure, and respiratory distress

Question 11

Q

Treponema

Answer

A

Gram negative
Spirochete
- so have axial filament for motility
Transmission
- Sexual
- In utero
Disease
- Syphilis
  - 3 stages
    - ulcers
    - rash on palms and soles
    - gummas

Question 12

Q

Bacillus

Answer

A

Gram positive
Virulence factors
- Exotoxin
- Capsule
Causes
- Food poisoning- B. cereus
- Anthrax poisoning- B. Authracis
  - anthrax is contracted via GI> Cutaneous> pulmonary)

Question 13

Q

Neisseria

Answer

A

Gram negative
virulence factors
- Catalase
- capsule
- fimbriae
- opa protein (prevents CD34 prolieration)
- S pili (decoys)
Transmission
- droplet
Causes
- gonorrhea
- meningitis

Question 14

Q

Klebisella

Answer

A

Gram negative
Virulence factors
- Flagella
- Capsules
- drug resistance
- Nitrogen fixation
Causes
- pneumoniae- K. pneumoniae

Question 15

Q

Campylobacter

Answer

A

Gram negative
Cytotoxin
Revervoirs
- Water, food animals
Causes
- Gastroenteritis- C. jejuni
- Guillain barre syndrome

Question 16

Q

Corynebacterium

Answer

A

Gram positive
Virulence factors
- AB toxin (inhibits host protein synthesis)
Transmission
- Airborne
Disease
- Diptheria- C. diptheiae

Question 17

Q

Pseudomonas

Answer

A

Gram negative
Virulence factors
- Drug resistant
  - Efflux pumps
- Flagella
- opportunistic/nosocomial
Causes
- swimmers ear
- post burn infections
- dermatitis
- blue/green pus

Question 18

Q

Rickettsia

Answer

A

Gram negative
Virulence factors
- Escape phagosome
Obligate intracellular pathogen
Vector
- blood sucking anthropods (ticks)
Causes
- Rocky mountain spotted fever
  - rash on palm and sole
- typhus fever
  - muscle aches

Question 19

Q

Bordetella

Answer

A

Gram negative
virulence factors
- Capsule
- pertussis toxin (inhibits protein syntheis)
- tracheal cytotoxin (destroy epithelia)
Transmission
- droplet
Causes
- Pertussis/whooping cough (catarrhal, paroxysmal, convalescence stages)

Question 20

Q

Legionella

Answer

A

Gram negative
Virulence factors
- Hsp 60
- invasion in alveolar macrophage
transmission
- airborn
- water
Causes
- legionnaires disease
- pontiac fever

Question 21

Q

Salmonella

Answer

A

Gram negative
Virulence factors
- Endotoxin
- cytotoxin
Transmission
- Food
Causes
- Salmonellosis
- Typhoid fever

Question 22

Q

Escherichia

Answer

A

Gram Negative
Virulence factors
- Endotoxin
- O antigen (LPS)
- K antigen (capsule)
- H antigen (flagella)
- shiga toxin
Causes
- Travelers diarrhea (gastroenteritis)

Question 23

Q

Vibrio

Answer

A

Gram positive
Virulence factors
- Cholera toxin
- adherence to intesintal mucosa
Causes
- Cholera (ricewater stools)

Question 24

Q

Streptococcus

Answer

A

Gram positve
S. pyogenes (group A):
- causes:
  - Sore throat, scarlet fever, nephritis
- Transmission
  - Respiratory droplets
  - direct or indirect contact
S. agalactiae (group B)
- Cause
  - neonatal sepsis
Virulence factors:
- Streptolysin O and S
  - Kill host leukocytes
- Capsules
  - attachment
- M protein
  - Attachment
- Extracellular enzymes
  - break down host molecules
- Strepokinases
  - Dissolve clots

Question 25

Q

Shigella

Answer

A

Gram negative
Virulence factors
- Shiga exotoxin
- M cell invasion
- rearrance host actin
- avoid immune system
Reservoirs
- Humans
Cause
- Bacillary dysentery (bloody diarrhea)

Question 26

Q

Staphylococcus

Answer

A

Gram Positive
Virulence factors
- Coagulase
- Exotoxin
- Enterotoxin
- Capsule
- Biofilm
- Drug resistance
S. aureus in normal flora
enterotoxin causes TSS

Question 27

Q

Enterobacter

Answer

A

Gram negative
UTI and nosocomial infections-
- E. aerogenes