Lecture 17: Bacteria Lectures Flashcards
1
Q
Mycoplasma pneumonia cause
A
primary atypical pneumonia in humans
2
Q
Ureaplasma urealyticum cause
A
UTI, premature birth, neonatal meningitis and penumonia
3
Q
Lyme Disease
A
- LD or Lyme borreliosis
- Vector:
- Ticks
- Reservoirs:
- animals (deer, field mice, and woodrats)
- caused by:
- Borrelia burgdorferi (most common in U.S.)
- B. garinii and B. afzelii (most common in Europe and Asia)
- Clinical manifestation:
- (first symptom: bull’s eye rash, second phase: irregular heartbeat, enchephalitis, third pahse: Arthritis
- 3 stages
- Localized Stage
- develops 1 to 10 days after infection
- expanding, ring-shaped, skin lesion
- flu-like symptoms
- Disseminated Stage
- occurs weeks or months after infection
- neurological abnormalities, heart inflammation, and arthritis
- Late Stage
- Occurs years later
- demyelination of neurons, behavioral changes, and symptoms resembling Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis
- Localized Stage
- 3 stages
- Diagnosis
- Serolgical testing (Lyme ELISA or Western blot)
- Isolation of spirochete from patient
- detection of Borrelia DNA (PCR)
- Treatment, prevention, and control
- antibiotic therapy most effective in early stages
- tick control and avoiding ticks
4
Q
Relapsing Fever
A
- symptoms:
- recurring episodes of fever, headache, muscle and joint aches, and nausea
- Causative Agent:
- Borrelia
- Vector:
- Ticks
- Reservoir:
- Rodents
5
Q
Syphilis
A
- Cause:
- Treponema pallidum subsp. Pallidum
- Three stages of syphilis
- primary: (10-90 days after exposure)
- Chancre (small, painless, reddened ulcer) at infection site that contains spirochetes
- Secondary stage (3-8 weeks after primary chancre)
- Highly variable skin rash followed by latent period (any surface area of the body including the palms of the hands may have rash)
- Tertiary stage (up to 10 years after primary chancre)
- formation of gummas (degenerative lesions) in skin, bone, and nervous system
- primary: (10-90 days after exposure)
- Diagnosis
- Clincal hx, microscopic examination, and serology
- Direct diagnosis
- staining with fluorescent-labeled monoclonal antibodies
- indirect, rapid screening
- VDRL, RPR, EIA
- Confirming
- FTA-ABS tests for anti-treponemal antibodies
- Treatment, prevention, and control
- Antibiotic therapy most effective in early stages
- Public education, prompt treatment of new cases, follow-up on sources and contacts, sexual hygiene, and use of condoms.
6
Q
Leptospirosis
A
- Causative agent
- Leptospira interrogans
- Reservoir
- Dogs and rats
- Transmission
- Skin/mucosal contact from urine-contaminated water
- Symptoms:
- Headaches, muscular aches, fever, kidney failure (possible complication)
- biphasic disease
- if not treated can lead to meningitis, liver failure, respiratory distress (due to bleeding in the lungs), and even death
- Diagnosis:
- serological tests
- growing bacteria form a blood sample, finding microbial DNA in the blood, or antibodies
- serological tests
- Treatment:
- Doxycycline