Lecture 17: Bacteria Lectures Flashcards

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1
Q

Mycoplasma pneumonia cause

A

primary atypical pneumonia in humans

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2
Q

Ureaplasma urealyticum cause

A

UTI, premature birth, neonatal meningitis and penumonia

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3
Q

Lyme Disease

A
  • LD or Lyme borreliosis
  • Vector:
    • Ticks
  • Reservoirs:
    • animals (deer, field mice, and woodrats)
  • caused by:
    • Borrelia burgdorferi (most common in U.S.)
    • B. garinii and B. afzelii (most common in Europe and Asia)
  • Clinical manifestation:
  • (first symptom: bull’s eye rash, second phase: irregular heartbeat, enchephalitis, third pahse: Arthritis
    • 3 stages
      • Localized Stage
        • develops 1 to 10 days after infection
        • expanding, ring-shaped, skin lesion
        • flu-like symptoms
      • Disseminated Stage
        • occurs weeks or months after infection
        • neurological abnormalities, heart inflammation, and arthritis
      • Late Stage
        • Occurs years later
        • demyelination of neurons, behavioral changes, and symptoms resembling Alzheimer’s disease and multiple sclerosis
  • Diagnosis
    • Serolgical testing (Lyme ELISA or Western blot)
    • Isolation of spirochete from patient
    • detection of Borrelia DNA (PCR)
  • Treatment, prevention, and control
    • antibiotic therapy most effective in early stages
    • tick control and avoiding ticks
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4
Q

Relapsing Fever

A
  • symptoms:
    • recurring episodes of fever, headache, muscle and joint aches, and nausea
  • Causative Agent:
    • Borrelia
  • Vector:
    • Ticks
  • Reservoir:
    • Rodents
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5
Q

Syphilis

A
  • Cause:
    • Treponema pallidum subsp. Pallidum
  • Three stages of syphilis
    • primary: (10-90 days after exposure)
      • Chancre (small, painless, reddened ulcer) at infection site that contains spirochetes
    • Secondary stage (3-8 weeks after primary chancre)
      • Highly variable skin rash followed by latent period (any surface area of the body including the palms of the hands may have rash)
    • Tertiary stage (up to 10 years after primary chancre)
      • formation of gummas (degenerative lesions) in skin, bone, and nervous system
  • Diagnosis
    • Clincal hx, microscopic examination, and serology
    • Direct diagnosis
      • staining with fluorescent-labeled monoclonal antibodies
    • indirect, rapid screening
      • VDRL, RPR, EIA
    • Confirming
      • FTA-ABS tests for anti-treponemal antibodies
  • Treatment, prevention, and control
    • Antibiotic therapy most effective in early stages
    • Public education, prompt treatment of new cases, follow-up on sources and contacts, sexual hygiene, and use of condoms.
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6
Q

Leptospirosis

A
  • Causative agent
    • Leptospira interrogans
  • Reservoir
    • Dogs and rats
  • Transmission
    • Skin/mucosal contact from urine-contaminated water
  • Symptoms:
    • Headaches, muscular aches, fever, kidney failure (possible complication)
  • biphasic disease
  • if not treated can lead to meningitis, liver failure, respiratory distress (due to bleeding in the lungs), and even death
  • Diagnosis:
    • serological tests
      • growing bacteria form a blood sample, finding microbial DNA in the blood, or antibodies
  • Treatment:
    • Doxycycline
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