Lecute 32 Flashcards

1
Q

Properties of the bactrerial genome

A
  • typically a singluclar chromosome
  • no nuclear membrane
  • defined region where bacteria is located = nucleoid
  • other small circular self replicating DNA melucuels found in the cytosol = plasmids
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2
Q

Two types of gene transfer

A
  • horizontal gene transfer
  • vertical gene transfer
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3
Q

Horizontal gene transfer =

A
  • gene transfer directly form one organism to another
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4
Q

Vertical gene transfer =

A

Gene transfer from parent to offspring

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5
Q

Bacteria can transfer genes affecting ______ and drug resistance __________

A

Bacteria can transfer genes affecting virulence and drug resistance horizontally

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6
Q

Horizontal gene transfer - Fred Griffith experiment

A
  • smooth (capsulated, heat treated) went inside the rough
  • rough got transfer into smooth form (deadly
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7
Q

Two important attributes transferred horizontally by bacteria

A
  • virulence factors
  • antibiotic resistance
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8
Q

Virulence factors:

A
  • transferred horizontally by bacteria
  • attributes that help bacteria survive in the host, sometimes at a cost to the host
  • an example is the capsules of streptococcus pneumonia
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9
Q

Antibiotic resistance

A
  • attributes that reduce the effectiveness of antibiotics against the targeted bacteria
  • an example is the plasmid carrying the beta-lactamase enzyme which inactivates penicillin
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10
Q

Three types of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria

A
  • transformation
  • transduction
  • conjunction
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11
Q

Transformation

A
  • involves uptake of short fragments of naked DNA by naturally transformable bacteria
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12
Q

Transduction

A
  • involves transfer of DNA form one bacterium into another via bacteriophages
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13
Q

Conjunction

A
  • involves transfer of DNA material via sexual pilus and requires cell-to-cell contact
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14
Q

Phage therapy

A

Is the therapeutic use of the bacteriophages (viruses that specifically kill viruses) to treat pathogenic bacterial infections

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