Lecute 32 Flashcards
1
Q
Properties of the bactrerial genome
A
- typically a singluclar chromosome
- no nuclear membrane
- defined region where bacteria is located = nucleoid
- other small circular self replicating DNA melucuels found in the cytosol = plasmids
2
Q
Two types of gene transfer
A
- horizontal gene transfer
- vertical gene transfer
3
Q
Horizontal gene transfer =
A
- gene transfer directly form one organism to another
4
Q
Vertical gene transfer =
A
Gene transfer from parent to offspring
5
Q
Bacteria can transfer genes affecting ______ and drug resistance __________
A
Bacteria can transfer genes affecting virulence and drug resistance horizontally
6
Q
Horizontal gene transfer - Fred Griffith experiment
A
- smooth (capsulated, heat treated) went inside the rough
- rough got transfer into smooth form (deadly
7
Q
Two important attributes transferred horizontally by bacteria
A
- virulence factors
- antibiotic resistance
8
Q
Virulence factors:
A
- transferred horizontally by bacteria
- attributes that help bacteria survive in the host, sometimes at a cost to the host
- an example is the capsules of streptococcus pneumonia
9
Q
Antibiotic resistance
A
- attributes that reduce the effectiveness of antibiotics against the targeted bacteria
- an example is the plasmid carrying the beta-lactamase enzyme which inactivates penicillin
10
Q
Three types of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria
A
- transformation
- transduction
- conjunction
11
Q
Transformation
A
- involves uptake of short fragments of naked DNA by naturally transformable bacteria
12
Q
Transduction
A
- involves transfer of DNA form one bacterium into another via bacteriophages
13
Q
Conjunction
A
- involves transfer of DNA material via sexual pilus and requires cell-to-cell contact
14
Q
Phage therapy
A
Is the therapeutic use of the bacteriophages (viruses that specifically kill viruses) to treat pathogenic bacterial infections
