Lecture 25 Summary

Question 1

Mutations are a ______ and do not always _______

Answer 1

Mutations are a subset of variation, and do not always effect “fitness”

Question 2

What does studying the phenotype of naturallly occurring or engineered mutants allow?

Answer 2

To work out what a gene does

Question 3

How can you work out what a gene does

Answer 3

By studying the phenotype of naturallly occurring or engineered mutants

Question 4

We can use the _____ of many _______ in _____ organisms to study the effect of _________

Answer 4

We can use the conservation of many genes in model organisms to study the effect of mutations

Question 5

What is transgenesis

Answer 5

Where we add DNA from to a genome to make a new protein, or replace a defective gene

Question 6

What does knowledge of variegation in the population or parents allow?

Answer 6

Can be used to identify variants that may be disease causing (pathogenic) in an individual

Question 7

What is CRISPR-Cas9?

Answer 7

One method that can be used to “break” or modify a gene to replicate a possible disease causing variant in a model organism, to see if the disease develops as a result

Question 8

What can be used to correct some genetic disorders

Answer 8

• gene editing and gene therapy
• these techniques can be targeted to somatic cells, to avoid modifying successive generations