Lectures 16 & 17 (body wall + back + brachial plexus)

Question 1

Where are extensors vs flexors in body wall

Answer 1

Muscles behind transverse processes of vertebrae are extensors (straighten back), in front are flexors (bend forwards)

Question 2

Abdominal wall muscles + skin innervated by

Answer 2

ventral ramus: anterior body wall
dorsal ramus: posterior body wall

Question 3

Anterior body wall muscles

Answer 3

• rectus abdominus
• transverse abdominus
• internal obliques
• external obliques
  tensing these muscles increase abdominal pressure for micturition (urination), defecation and parturition (labor)

Question 4

Extrinsic back muscles

Answer 4

• trapezius (upper, middle and lower fibers)
• rhomboids
• latissimus dorsi
  technically upper limb muscles, innervated by thoracic and lumbar levels of spinal cord

Question 5

Posterior body wall muscles

Answer 5

• spino-transverse system (vertically along the spine, extension)
• transverso-spinal system (between vertebrae, rotation)

Question 6

Abnormal spine curvature

Answer 6

• scoliosis (lateral curves)
• kyphosis (humpback)
• lordosis (lower back curve, occurs during pregnancy)

Question 7

Parts of vertebrae

Answer 7

• spinal canal
• body of the vertebrae (stem cell synthesis)
• lamina
• transverse process (left and right)
• spinous process
• superior articular process
• inferior articular process
• pedicle

Question 8

Between vertebrae

Answer 8

intervertebral disc, facet joints, intervertebral foramen (hole where nerves run through)

Question 9

Ligaments binding vertebrae

Answer 9

• anterior longitudinal ligament
• posterior longitudinal ligament
• ligamentum flavum
• facet joint capsule
• interspinous ligament
• supraspinous ligament

Question 10

Intervertebral disc composed of

Answer 10

annulus fibrosis, nucleus pulposus

Question 11

end tail of the spinal nerves

Answer 11

Cauda Equina

Question 12

Action muscles on the cervical spine

Answer 12

Sternocleiomastoid, upper trapezius fibers
innervated by CN 11

Question 13

Spinal roots of brachial plexus

Answer 13

C5 - T1

Question 14

Main branches of brachial plexus

Answer 14

• median:
• musculocutaneous:
• ulnar:
• radial:
• axillary:

Question 15

General innervation of upper limb

Answer 15

Shoulder: C5
Elbow: C6
Wrist: C7
Fingers: C8
Hand (intrinsic): T1

Question 16

Bones of the pectoral girdle

Answer 16

• clavicle
• sternum
  Scapula:
  
  • acromion
  • coracoid process
  • spine of scapula
  • glenoid fossa

Question 17

Movements of scapula

Answer 17

Elevation: levator scapulae, upper trapezius, rhomboids
Depression: lower trap.
Protraction: serratus anterior
Retraction: levator scap. , rhomb. , middle trap.
Lateral rotation: serratus ant. , upper and lower trap.
Medial rotation: levator scap. , rhomb.

Question 18

Anterior thoracic wall muscles

Answer 18

• pectoralis major (flexion, adduction)
• pectoralis minor (protraction of scap.)

Question 19

Upper arm muscles

Answer 19

• deltoid (flexion, extension, abduction)
• supraspinatous muscle (abduction)