L 15 to 21 - MSK Flashcards
Spinal muscles
Extensors:
- spino-transverse system (erector spinae)
- intrinsic spinal muscles (also R)
Flexion:
- external oblique (also R)
- rectus abdominus
- internal oblique (also R)
- iliopsoas (sit up)
Rotation:
- transverso-spinal system
Vertebral ligaments
- anterior longitudinal
- posterior longitudinal
- ligamentum flavum
- interspinous
- supraspinous
Scapular muscles
Elevation (E), Depression (D), Retraction (R), Protraction (P), Upwards rotation (UR), Downwards rotation (DR)
- trapezius (E, R, D)
- rhomboid major and minor (R, E, DR)
- levator scapulae (E, DR)
- pectoralis minor (D, DR, P)
- serratus anterior (D, P, UR)
hyperabduction: lower trapezius
Shoulder muscles
- deltoid (F, E, AB)
- pectoralis major (F, AD)
- teres major (E, AD)
- latissimus dorsi (E, AD)
- triceps (E)
- supraspinatus (AB)
- trapezius (AB)
- teres minor (rotation)
Elbow muscles
- biceps brachii (Flexion)
- biceps tendon (supination)
- bicipital aponeurosis (flexion)
- triceps (Extension)
Forearm muscles (wrist movement)
- pronator teres and quadratus (Pronation)
- supinator and biceps brachii (Supination)
- extensor carpi radialis (AB, E)
- *extensor digitorum (fingers)
- extensor carpi ulnaris (AD, E)
- flexor carpi radialis (AB, F)
- palmaris longus (F)
- *flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
- flexor carpi ulnaris (AD, F)
Golfer’s elbow
damage to tendons at medial epicondyle of humerus
Tennis elbow
damage to tendons at lateral epicondyle of humerus
tunnel syndromes
guyons tunnel - ulnar n.
cubital tunnel - ulnar n. - claw hand (can’t extend 4&5)
carpal tunnel - median n. - pain due to flexion
Hand muscles
Thumb:
- extensor pollicis longus and brevis
- abductor pollicis (extend)
- flexor pollicis longus and brevis
- opponens pollicis (opposition)
Fingers:
- extensor digitorum
- flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus
- lumbricals (flex)
- dorsal interossei (AB)
- palmar interossei (AD)
- opponens digiti (opposition)
Pelvic muscles
- pelvic floor muscles
- piriformis muscle (inflammation of this muscle can compress sciatic nerve)
Hip muscles
- iliacus and psoas (iliopsoas) (F)
- sartorius (F)
- rectus femoris (F)
- adductor group (AD) - obturator
- gracilis (AD)
- tensor fascia lata (AB) - sup. gluteal
- gluteus medius and minimus (AB) - sup. gluteal
- gluteus maximus (AB, E) - inf. gluteal
- biceps femoris (E)
- semitendinosus (E)
- semimembranosus (E)
Shoulder Ligaments
- acromioclavicular
- coracoacromio
- coracoclavicular
Elbow ligaments
2
Pelvis ligaments
- sacrospinous
- sacrotuberous
Hip ligaments
- iliofemoral
- pubofemoral
- ischiofemoral
- ligamentum teres
Knee ligaments
- anterior cruciate (ACL)
- posterior cruciate (PCL)
- lateral collateral (LCL)
- medial collateral (MCL)
- patellar
foramen of the pelvis
- greater and lesser sciatic foramen
- obturator foramen
‘hole’ at the bottom of the adductor muscles of the thigh
adductor hiatus
why is the sartorius an odd muscle
connects from iliac to tibia, helps with flexion of hip and knee as well as external rotation of hip
Hip dislocation
Foot drop
Purpose of the obturator artery
needed until age 20, supplies blood to the head of the femur
Avascular necrosis
death of cells due to lack of blood
Knee muscles
- popliteus (unlocks/locks the knee) - tibial
hamstrings (F) - tibial- biceps femoris
- semi-membranosus
- semi-tendinosus
quadriceps (E) - femoral - rectus femoris
- vastus medialis
- vastus lateralis
- vastus intermedius
‘hole’ at the back of the knee
popliteal fossa
muscles of the goose’s foot
sartorius, gracilis, semi-tendinosus
- protected by the pes anserine bursa
Unlocking the knee
popliteus helps, lateral meniscus shifts
