lecture two Flashcards
biology define life by listing characteristics, what are they?
- display order, and have complex chemistry
-harness and utilize energy through
how do organisms respond to stimuli and maintain homeostasis
-organisms adjust their structures, function, and behaviour
what is reproduction
is the process of generating new individuals, life will create more life, otherwise species go extinct
what are four things living organisms do to survive
-change and adaption
-growth is the cumulative sum of cell proliferation of cell enlargement
-genetic material allows the tissues to respond to outside challenges with a certain degree of variability
what is evolution
evolution is the change in heritable characteristics over successive generations
what forms membranes
lipids form the membrane, and it separates living cells from nonliving surroundings, also separate compartments inside the cell
what is a plasma membrane
a bilayer made of lipids with embedded protein molecules
what is a lipid
bilayer is a hydrophobic barrier to the passage of water-soluble solutions.
can water soluble penetrate membrane
yes selected water-soluble penetrate cell membrane through transport proteins
what is the cytoplasm
all parts between the cell membrane and central region
what is molecular bonding
different types of bonds/attractions forces exist between atoms and molecules
what are the types of molecular bonding
strong bonds
weaker bonds
ionic bonds
van der waals forces:
what are the three physical state of water
solvent of life which makes life possible
-gas
-liquid
-solid
how do molecules combine?
condensation is chemical reaction
what does dehydration synthesis do
- this is a vital part of life as the essential formation of -peptide bonds between amino acids- glycosidic bonds between monosaccharides- phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides -biosynthesis of lipids
what is a fatty acid?
a carboxylic acid with long chain hydrocarbon
-most naturally occurring fatty acids have unbranched chain of even number of carbon atoms from 4-28
what is an amphipathic molecule
a compound possessing two properties
-hydrophilic- water loving or polar
-lipophilic- fat loving or non polar
how does life utilize and harness energy
autotrophs
heterotrophs
what is homeostasis
-is the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems
what are the functions of cytoplasm
- synthesis.
-conduct the stimulatory signal from outside into inside and carries out chemical reaction
what are strong bonds(molecular bonding)
intramolecular forces that hold atoms together in molecules (covalent and ionic bonds)
what is weak bonds (molecular bonding)
forces of attraction that do not take a large amount of energy to break (hydrogen bonds)
what are ionic bonds (molecular bonding)
form between two or more atoms by transfer of one or more electrons between atoms
what are van der waal forces (molecular bonding)
are weak interactions observed in condensed phrases like solid and liquid
hydrophobic interactions: relations between water and hydrophobes (LOW-SOLIBLE MOLECULES)
what is dehydration synthesis
two molecules are combined to form a single molecule with loss of molecules of water
fatty acids break into two groups
-saturated= unhealthy
-unsaturated= double bond cause kink or weak
what parts of the lipid are hydrophilic, and hydrophobic
lipid heads are hydrophilic, two legs are hydrophobic
what parts of the lipid are hydrophilic, and hydrophobic
lipid heads are hydrophilic, two legs are hydrophobic
what is an autotroph
-produces that can make their own food from raw materials and energy
what is a heterotroph
- are consumers due to their consuming producers or other consumers
