lecture two

Question 1

biology define life by listing characteristics, what are they?

Answer 1

• display order, and have complex chemistry
  -harness and utilize energy through

Question 2

how do organisms respond to stimuli and maintain homeostasis

Answer 2

-organisms adjust their structures, function, and behaviour

Question 3

what is reproduction

Answer 3

is the process of generating new individuals, life will create more life, otherwise species go extinct

Question 4

what are four things living organisms do to survive

Answer 4

-change and adaption
-growth is the cumulative sum of cell proliferation of cell enlargement
-genetic material allows the tissues to respond to outside challenges with a certain degree of variability

Question 5

what is evolution

Answer 5

evolution is the change in heritable characteristics over successive generations

Question 6

what forms membranes

Answer 6

lipids form the membrane, and it separates living cells from nonliving surroundings, also separate compartments inside the cell

Question 7

what is a plasma membrane

Answer 7

a bilayer made of lipids with embedded protein molecules

Question 8

what is a lipid

Answer 8

bilayer is a hydrophobic barrier to the passage of water-soluble solutions.

Question 9

can water soluble penetrate membrane

Answer 9

yes selected water-soluble penetrate cell membrane through transport proteins

Question 10

what is the cytoplasm

Answer 10

all parts between the cell membrane and central region

Question 11

what is molecular bonding

Answer 11

different types of bonds/attractions forces exist between atoms and molecules

Question 12

what are the types of molecular bonding

Answer 12

strong bonds
weaker bonds
ionic bonds
van der waals forces:

Question 13

what are the three physical state of water

Answer 13

solvent of life which makes life possible
-gas
-liquid
-solid

Question 14

how do molecules combine?

Answer 14

condensation is chemical reaction

Question 15

what does dehydration synthesis do

Answer 15

• this is a vital part of life as the essential formation of -peptide bonds between amino acids- glycosidic bonds between monosaccharides- phosphodiester bonds between nucleotides -biosynthesis of lipids

Question 16

what is a fatty acid?

Answer 16

a carboxylic acid with long chain hydrocarbon
-most naturally occurring fatty acids have unbranched chain of even number of carbon atoms from 4-28

Question 17

what is an amphipathic molecule

Answer 17

a compound possessing two properties
-hydrophilic- water loving or polar
-lipophilic- fat loving or non polar

Question 18

how does life utilize and harness energy

Answer 18

autotrophs
heterotrophs

Question 19

what is homeostasis

Answer 19

-is the state of steady internal, physical, and chemical conditions maintained by living systems

Question 20

what are the functions of cytoplasm

Answer 20

• synthesis.
  -conduct the stimulatory signal from outside into inside and carries out chemical reaction

Question 21

what are strong bonds(molecular bonding)

Answer 21

intramolecular forces that hold atoms together in molecules (covalent and ionic bonds)

Question 22

what is weak bonds (molecular bonding)

Answer 22

forces of attraction that do not take a large amount of energy to break (hydrogen bonds)

Question 23

what are ionic bonds (molecular bonding)

Answer 23

form between two or more atoms by transfer of one or more electrons between atoms

Question 24

what are van der waal forces (molecular bonding)

Answer 24

are weak interactions observed in condensed phrases like solid and liquid
hydrophobic interactions: relations between water and hydrophobes (LOW-SOLIBLE MOLECULES)

Question 25

what is dehydration synthesis

Answer 25

two molecules are combined to form a single molecule with loss of molecules of water

Question 26

fatty acids break into two groups

Answer 26

-saturated= unhealthy
-unsaturated= double bond cause kink or weak

Question 27

what parts of the lipid are hydrophilic, and hydrophobic

Answer 27

lipid heads are hydrophilic, two legs are hydrophobic

Question 27

what parts of the lipid are hydrophilic, and hydrophobic

Answer 27

lipid heads are hydrophilic, two legs are hydrophobic

Question 28

what is an autotroph

Answer 28

-produces that can make their own food from raw materials and energy

Question 29

what is a heterotroph

Answer 29

• are consumers due to their consuming producers or other consumers