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bio 120 midterm > lecture three > Flashcards

lecture three Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is taxonomy

A

science of defining and naming groups of biological organisms on shared characteristics

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2
Q

taxonomic organization

A

three domains (bacteria, archaea, and eukarya)
accepted kingdoms (archaebacteria, eubacteria, fungi, plants, animals, and protista)

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3
Q

prokaryotes

A

bacteria and archaea, lacks a nucleus, no boundary membrane separating nucleoid from cytoplasm

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4
Q

eukaryotes

A

membrane-bound nucleus, cytoplasm contains membrane system that forms organelles with distinct environment and special function

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5
Q

what is cytoplasm

A

material within eukaryotic cell enclosed by cell membrane, except for nucleus

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6
Q

nucleoplasm

A

material within the nucleus

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7
Q

what is cytosol

A

fluid part of cytoplasm

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8
Q

what is intracellular fluid

A

all the fluid present inside of the cell

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9
Q

what are three structures of a prokaryotic cell

A

sphere, rodlike, and spiral

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10
Q

all living organisms contain genetic material

A

composed of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), is a copy of blueprint transmitting from parents to offspring

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11
Q

where is genetic material located in prokaryotic cells

A

in the nucleoid, containing highly folded masses of DNA

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12
Q

in prokaryotic cells what is the plasma membrane surrounded by?

A

its surrounded by a cell wall coated with glycocalyx, a slime layer, and a capsule

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13
Q

how does bacteria and archaean move

A

moves by long flagella

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14
Q

what is cell fractionation

A

partitioning of cell into fractions to analyze structures and functions of cell components

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15
Q

how do you study eukaryotic cells

A

subcellular fractionation

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16
Q

what is the nucleus

A

a membrane bound organelle in eukaryotic cells, and contains most of cells genetic material

17
Q

what is the main structure making yo the nucleus

A

the nuclear envelope with intercalated pores

18
Q

gel-like fluid in the nucleus, filled with chromatic, relaxed DNA and protein, and during cell division chromatin coiled into tightly condensed chromosomes

A

nucleoplasm

19
Q

what is nucleolus

A

nuclear site for rRNA transcription, processing, and ribosome assembly in eukaryotes

19
Q

what is a ribosome

A

large complex structure composed of one or more ribosomal RNA and a variety of proteins.

20
Q

what subunits does ribosomes have

A

small subunit- reads mRNA and a large subunit- catalytic subunit

21
Q

where are ribosomes located

A

some freely suspended in cytosol, other attached to nuclear membrane and rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane

22
Q

what are nuclear localization signals

A

many proteins move from cytoplasm into interior nucleus
-ribosomal proteins, and histone, transcription factors are targeted

23
Q

what is smooth ER

A

has no ribosomes on surface, and has many functions like synthesising lipids to become apart of cell membrane

24
Q

what is rough ER

A

ribosomes that stud the surface, and produces proteins for rest of cell to function, and connected to nuclear envolope

25
Q

what is Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

form part of contractility system of muscle cells and transmits electrical impulses that cause contraction

26
Q

what is function of SER

A

sythesizes lipids that become part of cell membrane

27
Q

where are membrane lipids synthesized

A

in cytosolic leaflet of smooth ER from fatty acids building block

28
Q

how are lipids transferred into other membrane

A

lipids in ER membrane can diffuse to nuclear envelope, and can be transported via vesicles to golgi, lysosomes, vacuoles or plasma membrane

29
Q

what happens on the site of ribosomes

A

is the site of translation of mRNA into polypeptide chain

bio 120 midterm (10 decks)

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