lecture 5 Flashcards
primary role of mitochondria
convert chemical energy stored into covalent bonds into ATP, that is used by proteins
what is guanosine-5’-triphosphate
one building block needed for synthesis of RNA during transcription
what is mitochondrial genome
mitochondrion has own genome, proteins vary depending on tissue and species
what is chloroplast
site of light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis in plant cells
what are the two separate compartments in mitochondrion
outer membrane and inner membrane, inner expands by folds called cristae
what is adenosine triphosphate
molecule unit of currency of intracellular energy transfer found in all forms of like
what is semiautonomous organelle division
-a form of asexual reproduction and cell division
-division is independent of cell
specialized structures of plant cell
gerontoplast, chloroplast, plastids, leucoplasts (amyloplast, elaioplast, and proteinplast)
what is the cells skeleton
cytoskeleton is scaffolding of interconnected protein fibers and tubes.
what is the microtubule track
microtubules provide tracks which move vesicles between cell interior and plasma membrane
what is eukaryotic cell movement generated by
generated by “motor” protein that push or pull against microtubules
what is centrosome
associated pair of centrioles make up centrosome, and serves as main microtubule organizing center of animal cells
how does a kinesin molecule walk
one end of motor protein fixed on cell structure like vesicle, other end has reactive group that “walk” along microtubules or microfilaments but attaching
intermediate filaments
assemble from keratin proteins in cell, cell stained clue in these cells when seen through light microscope
what are microfilaments involved in
cytokineses, amoebiod movement, cell mobility, change in cell shape, cell contractility, endocytosis, and exocytosis
what is the structure of flagella and cilia
circle of nine double microtubules surrounds central pair of single microtubules forming 9+2 complex
what is the centrioles
cylinder cell structure composed of tubulin, is in most eukaryotic cells, and made up of 9 sets of triplet microtubule
what is main function of centrioles
produce cilia during interphase and aster and spindle during cell division
what is the microtubule
rigid hollow rod, and major component of cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells
what are microtubules composed of
a- and B- tubulin subunits
what is the use of guanosine-5’-triphosphate
used as a source of energy for protein synthesis
what are the three membranes of chloroplast
-consist of 3 membranes: outer, inner, thylakoid
what is the function of adenosine triphosphate
provides energy to drive many processes in cell: muscle contraction, nerve impulses, chemical synthesis
what are the three classes of cytoskeleton in animals
microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments
what are flagella and cilia
- arise from centrioles, remains in innermost end
-basal body structure
what are a- and B- tubulin
assembled into linear protofilaments that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly in cell
