lecture 5

Question 1

primary role of mitochondria

Answer 1

convert chemical energy stored into covalent bonds into ATP, that is used by proteins

Question 2

what is guanosine-5’-triphosphate

Answer 2

one building block needed for synthesis of RNA during transcription

Question 3

what is mitochondrial genome

Answer 3

mitochondrion has own genome, proteins vary depending on tissue and species

Question 4

what is chloroplast

Answer 4

site of light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis in plant cells

Question 5

what are the two separate compartments in mitochondrion

Answer 5

outer membrane and inner membrane, inner expands by folds called cristae

Question 6

what is adenosine triphosphate

Answer 6

molecule unit of currency of intracellular energy transfer found in all forms of like

Question 7

what is semiautonomous organelle division

Answer 7

-a form of asexual reproduction and cell division
-division is independent of cell

Question 8

specialized structures of plant cell

Answer 8

gerontoplast, chloroplast, plastids, leucoplasts (amyloplast, elaioplast, and proteinplast)

Question 9

what is the cells skeleton

Answer 9

cytoskeleton is scaffolding of interconnected protein fibers and tubes.

Question 10

what is the microtubule track

Answer 10

microtubules provide tracks which move vesicles between cell interior and plasma membrane

Question 11

what is eukaryotic cell movement generated by

Answer 11

generated by “motor” protein that push or pull against microtubules

Question 12

what is centrosome

Answer 12

associated pair of centrioles make up centrosome, and serves as main microtubule organizing center of animal cells

Question 13

how does a kinesin molecule walk

Answer 13

one end of motor protein fixed on cell structure like vesicle, other end has reactive group that “walk” along microtubules or microfilaments but attaching

Question 14

intermediate filaments

Answer 14

assemble from keratin proteins in cell, cell stained clue in these cells when seen through light microscope

Question 15

what are microfilaments involved in

Answer 15

cytokineses, amoebiod movement, cell mobility, change in cell shape, cell contractility, endocytosis, and exocytosis

Question 16

what is the structure of flagella and cilia

Answer 16

circle of nine double microtubules surrounds central pair of single microtubules forming 9+2 complex

Question 17

what is the centrioles

Answer 17

cylinder cell structure composed of tubulin, is in most eukaryotic cells, and made up of 9 sets of triplet microtubule

Question 18

what is main function of centrioles

Answer 18

produce cilia during interphase and aster and spindle during cell division

Question 19

what is the microtubule

Answer 19

rigid hollow rod, and major component of cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells

Question 20

what are microtubules composed of

Answer 20

a- and B- tubulin subunits

Question 21

what is the use of guanosine-5’-triphosphate

Answer 21

used as a source of energy for protein synthesis

Question 22

what are the three membranes of chloroplast

Answer 22

-consist of 3 membranes: outer, inner, thylakoid

Question 23

what is the function of adenosine triphosphate

Answer 23

provides energy to drive many processes in cell: muscle contraction, nerve impulses, chemical synthesis

Question 24

what are the three classes of cytoskeleton in animals

Answer 24

microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments

Question 25

what are flagella and cilia

Answer 25

• arise from centrioles, remains in innermost end
  -basal body structure

Question 26

what are a- and B- tubulin

Answer 26

assembled into linear protofilaments that undergo continuous assembly and disassembly in cell