lecture 7

Question 1

what is the cell cycle

Answer 1

series of events that cause cell to divide into two daughter cells

Question 2

what are chromosomes

Answer 2

are nuclear structures that contain units of genetic info.

Question 3

what is the cell cycle of prokaryotes

Answer 3

period b, period c, and period d

Question 4

cell cycle in eukartotes

Answer 4

cell cycle divided into two main stages: mitosis, and interphase

Question 5

why do we need the cell cycle

Answer 5

we need to be able to replace cells and renew them

Question 6

what are homologous chromosomes

Answer 6

one from each parent, that carry same genes

Question 7

what are ploidy

Answer 7

number of chromosome sets

Question 8

what is karyotyping

Answer 8

is a collection of chromosomes in individual;
46 somatic cell, or 23 pairs; 22 autosomes

Question 9

what is the significance of mitosis

Answer 9

-maintain same chromosomal complement
-development and growth
-cell replacement
-organ regeneration
- organisms that reproduce asexually generate gametes by mitosis

Question 10

what is cytokinesis in plants

Answer 10

involves formation and insertion of new cell wall that separate daughter nuclei

Question 11

where does mitosis occur

Answer 11

occurs exclusively in eukaryotic cells

Question 12

what is prophase

Answer 12

chromosomes condense into compact, rod-like structures

Question 13

what happens in prometaphase

Answer 13

-nuclear envelope is completely dissolved
- spindles enter in former nuclear area
-microtubules attach to centrosomes

Question 14

what are kinetochore

Answer 14

-kinetochore is protein structure associated to centromeres

Question 15

what happens in metaphase

Answer 15

-spindles fully formed
-chromosomes align at spindle midpoint

Question 16

spindle connection at prometaphase

Answer 16

colchicine inhibits spindle formation and arrest cell at prometaphase

Question 17

what happens in G1

Answer 17

period of cell growth, before DNA replicates

Question 18

what happens in S

Answer 18

period when DNA replicates and chromosomal proteins are duplicated

Question 19

what is G0

Answer 19

cell cycle arrest

Question 20

what happens in G2

Answer 20

period after DNA replicates; cell prepares for division

Question 21

what organize the center (MTOC)

Answer 21

centrioles, and microtubules , centrosomes organize the center found in eukaryotic cells

Question 22

what two mechanisms do mitotic spindles use to move chromosomes

Answer 22

-kinetochore microtubules
-non-kinetochore microtubules

Question 23

kinetochore movement

Answer 23

microtubules are polymerized elastic structures composed of a- and B- tubulin dimers

Question 23

kinetochore movement

Answer 23

microtubules are polymerized elastic structures composed of a- and B- tubulin dimers

Question 24

interphase is made up of what

Answer 24

periods

Question 25

what happens in anaphase

Answer 25

begins with separation of chromatids and sister chromatids are severed

Question 26

what happens in telophase

Answer 26

chromosomes decondense

Question 27

cytokinesis in animal cells

Answer 27

final splitting of membrane, actin and myosin begin process of forming cleavage furrow creating actomyosin ring

Question 28

what are spindles

Answer 28

-spindles are polymerized long elastic structures

Question 29

what are diploids

Answer 29

chromosome comprement or 2n

Question 30

what is haploid

Answer 30

its comprement or n

Question 31

what are sister chromatin

Answer 31

2 nearly identical copies of chromosomes

Question 32

what are cohesin

Answer 32

it a protein that holds sister chromatin together