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bio 120 midterm > lecture one > Flashcards

lecture one Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the definition of biology?

A

its the study of life, and various forms of life exist in the form of an organism

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2
Q

what is an assembly of molecules functioning as a stable whole that exhibit life “organization”

A

an organism

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3
Q

life can by divided into 3 domains, what are they?

A

bacteria, archaea, and eukarya

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4
Q

describe a multicellular organism

A

multicellular- activities of life are divided among many specialized cells (plants and animals)

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5
Q

cells are the basic structure and functional unit of all living organisms, all cells are composed of one or more cells, and if a cell is broken the property of like is lost

A

cell theory

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6
Q

why are cells small

A
  1. cells have a finite life span
  2. simple logistics
  3. cell metabolic demands
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7
Q

why do cells need to keep distances short

A

cells rely on simple diffusion to move molecules towards a gradient of concentration

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8
Q

why do cells require a larger surface area

A

develop convoluted/ branchy surface morphologies

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9
Q

what is a microscopy

A

technique for producing visible images of objects that are two small for the human eye

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10
Q

what are the three types of microscopy

A

-optical microscopy(light microscope)
-electron microscopy
-fluorescent

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11
Q

resolution

A

ability if a microscope to distinguish between two objects as being separate

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12
Q

magnification

A

ratio of the object as viewed to its real size

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13
Q

why are cells so small?

A

explained by surface area to volume ratio.

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14
Q

differential interference contrast

A

uses prisms to generate interference patterns for contrast and gives 3-d appearance

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15
Q

confocal fluorescense microscope

A

increases contrast by capturing thin slices of specimen

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16
Q

what are the two types of electron microscopy

A

transmission electron microscopy-
scanning electron microscopy-

17
Q

describe a unicellular organism

A

a unicellular-independent organism capable of carrying out all activities necessary for life (all bacteria)

18
Q

what is finite life(cells small)

A

easily repaired when broken down

19
Q

what is simple logistics (cell small)

A

specialized cells easily replaced without disruption

20
Q

what are cells metabolic demands

A

due to many chemical reactions taking place

21
Q

what is an optical microscope

A
  • uses visible light and a system of lenses to magnify images of small samples
22
Q

what is an electron microscope

A
  • uses electrons to illuminate specimen
23
Q

fluorescent microscope

A

uses light produced by fluorophores in samples, yielding a more detailed image

24
Q

what is the surface area to volume ratio

A

indicates how much surface area is available compared to how big the cell is. If the surface area to volume ratio is small, the cell is very big

25
Q

what does volume determine in surface area to volume ratio

A

volume determines the amount of chemical activity

26
Q

what does surface area determine in surface area to volume ratio

A

surface area determines the amount of substance exchanges between the inside and outside environment

27
Q

what does surface area determine in surface area to volume ratio

A

surface area determines the amount of substance exchanges between the inside and outside environment

28
Q

what is TEM

A

beam of electrons transmitted through thin plane of specimen, best resolution of internal organization of cells

29
Q

what is TEM (electron microscope)

A

beam of electrons transmitted through thin plane of specimen, best resolution of internal organization of cells

30
Q

SEM (electron microscope)

A

beam of electrons scanned over surface of specimen resulting in 3-d image

bio 120 midterm (10 decks)

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