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Analysis on Urine and other Bodily Fluids > Lecture: Renal Diseases > Flashcards

Lecture: Renal Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Decomposition of immune complexes, formed in conjunction with group A streptococcus infection on the glomerular membranes

A

Acute Glomerulonephritis

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2
Q

Deposition of immune complexes from systemic immune disorders on the glomerular membrane

A

Rapidly-progressive Glomerulonephritis

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3
Q

Attachment of cytotoxic antibody formed during viral respiratory infections to glomerular and alveolar basement membranes

A

Goodpasture’s Syndrome

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4
Q

Anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic autoantibody binds to neutrophils in vascular walls producing damage to small vessels in the lungs and glomerulus

A

Wegener’s Granulomatosis

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5
Q

Occurs primarily in children following viral respiratory infections; a decrease in platelets disrupts vascular integrity

A

Henoch-Schoenlein purpura

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6
Q

Deposition of IgA on the glomerular membrane resulting from increased levels of serum IgA

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease)

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7
Q

Thickening of the glomerular membrane following IgG immune complex deposition associated with systemic disorders

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

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8
Q

Cellular proliferation affects the capillary walls or the glomerular basement membranes, possibly immune-mediated

A

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

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9
Q

A marked decrease in renal function resulting from glomerular damage precipitated by other renal disorders

A

Chronic glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

Disruption of the electrical charges that produce the tightly-fitting podocyte barrier results in a massive loss of protein and lipids

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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11
Q

Disruption of podocytes occurs primarily in children following allergic reactions and immunizations

A

Minimal change diseases (Lipid nephrosis)

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12
Q

Disruption of podocytes in certain areas of glomeruli associated with heroin and analgesic abuse and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

A

Focal-segmented glomerulosclerosis

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13
Q

This type of glomerulonephritis has the presence of RBC casts, granular casts and dysmorphic RBC

A

Acute glomerulonephritis

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14
Q

The anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody test is used on what glomerular disorder?

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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15
Q

The anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) is used on what glomerular disorder?

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis

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16
Q

Stool occult blood can be used to detect what glomerular disorder?

A

Henoch-Schoenlein purpura

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17
Q

Anti-nuclear antibody, hepatitis B surface antigen and FTA-ABS can be used to detect what glomerular disorder?

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

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18
Q

FTA-ABS means?

A

Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody-Absorption Test

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19
Q

Chronic glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome can be detected by what tests?

A

Blood urea nitrogen
Serum Creatinine
Creatinine Clearance
Electrolytes

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20
Q

Glucosuria, cellular and granular casts, and waxy and broad casts are present in what glomerular disorder?

A

Chronic glomerulonephritis

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21
Q

Oval fat bodies, renal tubular cells, fat droplets and fatty and waxy casts are present in what glomerular disorder?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

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22
Q

Damage to the renal tubular cells is caused by ischemia or toxic agents

A

Acute tubular necrosis

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23
Q

Inherited in association with cystinosis and Hartnup disease or acquired through exposure to toxic agents

A

Fanconi’s syndrome

24
Q

Ascending bacterial infection of the bladder (from the lower UTI)

A

Cystitis

25
Q

Infection of the renal tubules and interstitial is related to interference of urine flow to the bladder, reflux of urine from the bladder and untreated cystitis (from the upper UTI)

A

Acute pyelonephritis

26
Q

Recurrent infection of the renal tubules and interstitials is caused by structural abnormalities affecting the urine flow

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

27
Q

Allergic inflammation of the renal interstitial in response to certain medications

A

Acute interstitial nephritis

28
Q

Presence of RTE cells, RTE cells casts, hyaline/granular/waxy/broad casts are is indicative of what tubular disorder?

A

Acute tubular necrosis

29
Q

The possibility of cystine crystals presence is found in urine specimen of patients with?

A

Fanconi’s syndrome

30
Q

What disorder has these urinalysis result?

No WBC casts
Presence of bacteria
Mild proteinuria
Increased pH
Leukocyturia
Microscopic hematuria

A

Cystitis

31
Q

What disorder has these urinalysis result?

Presence of WBC casts
Presence of bacteria and bacterial casts
Granular, waxy, broad casts
Hemtaturia
Proteinuria

A

Chronic pyelonephritis

32
Q

What disorder has these urinalysis result?

Presence of WBC casts
No bacteria
Hematuria
Proteinuria

A

Acute interstitial nephritis

33
Q

Serum and urine electrolytes and amino acid chromatography can be utilized for what tubular disorder?

A

Fanconi’s syndrome

34
Q

Hemoglobin, hematocrit and cardiac enzymes can be utilized for what tubular disorder?

A

Acute tubular disorder

35
Q

Exhibits a sudden loss of renal function and is frequently reversible

A

Acute renal failure

36
Q

What cause of renal failure is described?

Decreased blood pressure/cardiac output
Hemorrhage
Burns
Surgery
Septicemia

A

Prerenal

37
Q

What cause of renal failure is described?

Acute glomerulonephritis
Acute tubular necrosis
Acute pyelonephritis
Acute interstitial nephritis

A

Renal

38
Q

What cause of renal failure is described?

Renal calculi
Tumors

A

Postrenal

39
Q

Other term for renal calculi

A

Renal lithiasis

40
Q

Type of renal stones common in Western industrialized countries

A

Upper renal stones

41
Q

80% of renal stones or renal calculi consists of what?

A

Calcium oxalate (CaOx) or a mixture of oxalate and calcium phosphate

42
Q

3-10% of renal stones or renal calculi consists of what?

A

Mixed calcium phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate, and uric acid

43
Q

1-3% of renal stones or renal calculi consists of what?

A

Cystine stones

44
Q

Urine with pH < 5.5 can be associated with what calculi formation?

A

Uric acid
Cystine
Xanthine calculi

45
Q

Urine with pH 5 to 6 can be associated with what calculi formation?

A

Calcium oxalate
Apatite calculi

46
Q

Urine with pH >7 can be associated with what calculi formation?

A

Magnesium ammonium phosphate
Calcium phosphate calculi

47
Q

Which formation is produced by these causes?

Idiopathic hypercalciuria
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Bone disease
Excessive milk, alkali, Vit. D intake
Renal tubular acidosis
Sarcoidosis

A

Calcium Composition

48
Q

Which formation is produced by these causes?

Oxaluria
Incomplete catabolism of carbohydrates
Isohydria at pH 5.5 to 6.0 Excessive glycogen breakdown

A

Calcium Oxalate

49
Q

Which formation is produced by these causes?

Same conditions as for calcium oxalate
Alkaline infection (urea-splitting)
Persistently alkaline urine

A

Calcium Phosphate

50
Q

Which formation is produced by these causes?

Alkaline infection with urea-splitting bacteria

A

Magnesium
Ammonium Phosphate Hexahydrate

51
Q

Which formation is produced by these causes?

GOUT
Polycythemia
Leukemia
Lymphoma
Conditions associated with rapid protein catabolism

A

Uric Acid and Urate

52
Q

Which formation is produced by these causes?

Transient acute phase of chronic renal diseases
Heavy metal nephrotoxicity Aminoaciduria
Renal tubular acidosis syndrome

A

Cystine

53
Q

Which stone/s has these characteristics?

Yellow to brownish red and are moderately hard

A

Uric Acid and Urate Stones

54
Q

Which stone/s has these characteristics?

Pale and friable

A

Calcium Oxalate Stones

55
Q

Which stone/s has these characteristics?

Very hard, often of a dark color and typically have a rough surface

A

Phosphate Stones

56
Q

Which stone/s has these characteristics?

Yellow-brown and feel somewhat greasy
Soapy texture

A

Cystine Stones

Analysis on Urine and other Bodily Fluids (17 decks)

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