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Analysis on Urine and other Bodily Fluids > Book: Microscopic Examination > Flashcards

Book: Microscopic Examination Flashcards

1
Q

Macroscopic screening of urine specimens is used to:

A. Provide results as soon as possible
B. Predict the type of urinary casts present
C. Increase cost-effectiveness of urinalysis
D. Decrease the need for polarized microscopy

A

Provide results as soon as possible

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2
Q

Variations in the microscopic analysis of urine include all
of the following except:

A. Preparation of the urine sediment
B. Amount of sediment analyzed
C. Method of reporting
D. Identification of formed elements

A

Identification of formed elements

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3
Q

All of the following can cause false-negative microscopic
results except:

A. Braking the centrifuge
B. Failing to mix the specimen
C. Dilute alkaline urine
D. Using midstream clean-catch specimens

A

Dilute alkaline urine

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4
Q

The two factors that determine relative centrifugal force are:

A. Radius of rotor head and rpm
B. Radius of rotor head and time of centrifugation
C. Diameter of rotor head and rpm
D. RPM and time of centrifugation

A

Diameter of rotor head and rpm

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5
Q

When using the glass slide and cover-slip method, which of the following might be missed if the cover slip is overflowed?

A. Casts
B. RBCs
C. WBCs
D. Bacteria

A

Casts

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6
Q

Initial screening of the urine sediment is performed using
an objective power of:

A. 4×
B. 10×
C. 40×
D. 100×

A

10x

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7
Q

Which of the following should be used to reduce light intensity in bright-field microscopy?

A. Centering screws
B. Aperture diaphragm
C. Rheostat
D. Condenser aperture diaphragm

A

Rheostat

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8
Q

Which of the following are reported as number per lpf?

A. RBCs
B. WBCs
C. Crystals
D. Casts

A

Casts

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9
Q

The Sternheimer-Malbin stain is added to urine sediments to do all of the following except:

A. Increase visibility of sediment constituents
B. Change the constituents’ refractive index
C. Decrease precipitation of crystals
D. Delineate constituent structures

A

Decrease precipitation of crystals

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10
Q

Nuclear detail can be enhanced by:

A. Prussian blue
B. Toluidine blue
C. Acetic acid
D. Both B and C

A

Both B and C

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11
Q

Which of the following lipids is/are stained by Sudan III?

A. Cholesterol
B. Neutral fats
C. Triglycerides
D. Both B and C

A

Both B and C

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11
Q

Which of the following lipids is/are capable of polarizing
light?

A. Cholesterol
B. Neutral fats
C. Triglycerides
D. Both A and B

A

Cholesterol

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12
Q

The purpose of the Hansel stain is to identify:

A. Neutrophils
B. Renal tubular cells
C. Eosinophils
D. Monocytes

A

Eosinophils

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13
Q

Crenated RBCs are seen in urine that is:

A. Hyposthenuric
B. Hypersthenuric
C. Highly acidic
D. Highly alkaline

A

Hypersthenuric

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14
Q

Differentiation among RBCs, yeast, and oil droplets may
be accomplished by all of the following except:

A. Observation of budding in yeast cells
B. Increased refractility of oil droplets
C. Lysis of yeast cells by acetic acid
D. Lysis of RBCs by acetic acid

A

Lysis of yeast cells by acetic acid

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15
Q

A finding of dysmorphic RBCs is indicative of:

A. Glomerular bleeding
B. Renal calculi
C. Traumatic injury
D. Coagulation disorders

A

Glomerular bleeding

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16
Q

Leukocytes that stain pale blue with Sternheimer-Malbin stain and exhibit brownian movement are:

A. Indicative of pyelonephritis
B. Basophils
C. Mononuclear leukocytes
D. Glitter cells

A

Glitter cells

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17
Q

Mononuclear leukocytes are sometimes mistaken for:

A. Yeast cells
B. Squamous epithelial cells
C. Pollen grains
D. Renal tubular cells

A

Renal tubular cells

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18
Q

When pyuria is detected in a urine sediment, the slide
should be carefully checked for the presence of:

A. RBCs
B. Bacteria
C. Hyaline casts
D. Mucus

A

Bacteria

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19
Q

Transitional epithelial cells are sloughed from the:

A. Collecting duct
B. Vagina
C. Bladder
D. Proximal convoluted tubule

A

Bladder

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20
Q

The largest cells in the urine sediment are:

A. Squamous epithelial cells
B. Urothelial epithelial cells
C. Cuboidal epithelial cells
D. Columnar epithelial cells

A

Squamous epithelial cells

21
Q

A clinically significant squamous epithelial cell is the:

A. Cuboidal cell
B. Clue cell
C. Caudate cell
D. Columnar cell

A

Clue cell

22
Q

Forms of transitional epithelial cells include all of the following except:

A. Spherical
B. Caudate
C. Convoluted
D. Polyhedra

A

Convoluted

23
Q

Increased transitional cells are indicative of:

A. Catheterization
B. Malignancy
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Both A and B

A

Both A and B

24
Q

A primary characteristic used to identify renal tubular
epithelial cells is:

A. Elongated structure
B. Centrally located nucleus
C. Spherical appearance
D. Eccentrically located nucleus

A

Eccentrically located nucleus

25
Q

Following an episode of hemoglobinuria, RTE cells may contain:

A. Bilirubin
B. Hemosiderin granules
C. Porphobilinogen
D. Myoglobin

A

Hemosiderin granules

26
Q

The predecessor of the oval fat body is the:

A. Histiocyte
B. Urothelial cell
C. Monocyte
D. Renal tubular cell

A

Renal tubular cell

27
Q

A structure believed to be an oval fat body produced a
Maltese cross formation under polarized light but does not stain with Sudan III. The structure:

A. Contains cholesterol
B. Is not an oval fat body
C. Contains neutral fats
D. Is contaminated with immersion oil

A

Contains cholesterol

28
Q

The finding of yeast cells in the urine is commonly associated with:

A. Cystitis
B. Diabetes mellitus
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Liver disorders

A

Diabetes mellitus

29
Q

The primary component of urinary mucus is:

A. Bence Jones protein
B. Microalbumin
C. Uromodulin
D. Orthostatic protein

A

Uromodulin

30
Q

The majority of casts are formed in the:

A. Proximal convoluted tubules
B. Ascending loop of Henle
C. Distal convoluted tubules
D. Collecting ducts

A

Distal convoluted tubules

31
Q

Cylindruria refers to the presence of:

A. Cylindrical renal tubular cells
B. Mucus-resembling casts
C. Hyaline and waxy casts
D. All types of casts

A

All types of casts

32
Q

A person submitting a urine specimen following a strenuous exercise routine can normally have all of the following in the sediment except:

A. Hyaline casts
B. Granular casts
C. RBC casts
D. WBC casts

A

WBC casts

33
Q

Prior to identifying an RBC cast, all of the following
should be observed except:

A. Free-floating RBCs
B. Intact RBCs in the cast
C. Presence of a cast matrix
D. A positive reagent strip blood reaction

A

Intact RBCs in the cast

34
Q

WBC casts are primarily associated with:

A. Pyelonephritis
B. Cystitis
C. Glomerulonephritis
D. Viral infections

A

Pyelonephritis

35
Q

The shape of the RTE cell associated with renal tubular
epithelial casts is primarily:

A. Elongated
B. Cuboidal
C. Round
D. Columnar

A

Round

36
Q

When observing RTE casts, the cells are primarily:

A. Embedded in a clear matrix
B. Embedded in a granular matrix
C. Attached to the surface of a matrix
D. Stained by components of the urine filtrate

A

Embedded in a clear matrix

37
Q

The presence of fatty casts is associated with:

A. Nephrotic syndrome
B. Crush injuries
C. Diabetes mellitus
D. All of the above

A

All of the above

38
Q

Nonpathogenic granular casts contain:

A. Cellular lysosomes
B. Degenerated cells
C. Protein aggregates
D. Gram-positive cocci

A

Cellular lysosomes

39
Q

All of the following are true about waxy casts except they:

A. Represent extreme urine stasis
B. May have a brittle consistency
C. Require staining to be visualized
D. Contain degenerated granules

A

Require staining to be visualized

40
Q

Observation of broad casts represents:

A. Destruction of tubular walls
B. Dehydration and high fever
C. Formation in the collecting ducts
D. Both A and C

A

Both A and C

41
Q

All of the following contribute to urinary crystals formation except:

A. Protein concentration
B. pH
C. Solute concentration
D. Temperature

A

Protein concentration

42
Q

The most valuable initial aid for identifying crystals in a
urine specimen is:

A. pH
B. Solubility
C. Staining
D. Polarized microscopy

A

pH

43
Q

Crystals associated with severe liver disease include all of the following except:

A. Bilirubin
B. Leucine
C. Cystine
D. Tyrosine

A

Cystine

44
Q

All of the following crystals routinely polarize except:

A. Uric acid
B. Cholesterol
C. Radiographic dye
D. Cystine

A

Cystine

45
Q

Casts and fibers can usually be differentiated using:

A. Solubility characteristics
B. Patient history
C. Polarized light
D. Fluorescent light

A

Polarized light

46
Q

Match the following crystals seen in acidic urine with their
description/identifying characteristics:

Amorphous urates
Uric acid
Calcium oxalate monohydrate
Calcium oxalate dihydrate

A

Pink sediment
Yellow-brown whetstone
Ovoid
Envelopes

47
Q

Match the following crystals seen in acidic urine with their
description/identifying characteristics:

Triple phosphate
Amorphous phosphate
Calcium phosphate
Ammonium biurate
Calcium carbonate

A

Coffin lids
White precipitate
Thin prisms
Thorny apple
Dumbbell shape

48
Q

Match the following abnormal crystals with their
description/identifying characteristics:

Cystine
Tyrosine
Cholesterol
Leucine
Ampicillin
Radiographic dye
Bilirubin

A

Hexagonal plates

Fine needles seen in
liver disease

Notched corners

Concentric circles,
radial striations

Bundles following
refrigeration

Flat plates, high
specific gravity

49
Q

Match the following types of microscopy with their
descriptions:

Bright-field
Phase
Polarized
Dark-field
Fluorescent
Interference contrast

A

Low refractive index
objects may be overlooked

Forms halo of light around
object

Objects split light into two
beams

Indirect light is reflected
off the object

Detects specific wavelengths
of light emitted from objects

Three-dimensional images

Analysis on Urine and other Bodily Fluids (17 decks)

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