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Analysis on Urine and other Bodily Fluids > Laboratory: Fecal Analysis > Flashcards

Laboratory: Fecal Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What is not normally seen in fecal specimen?

A

RBC

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2
Q

Intestinal gas is also known as

A

Flatus

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3
Q

Digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas to the small intestine:

A

Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Amino peptidase
Lipase

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4
Q

What type of fecal specimen is collected for testing?

A

Random

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5
Q

Excess undigested and unabsorbed materials appear in the feces that may indicate ___ and ___

A

Maldigestion
Malabsorption

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6
Q

Grams of feces excreted in 24 hours

A

100 to 200g

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7
Q

Approx. ___ ml of ingested fluid, saliva, gastric, liver, pancreatic and intestinal secretions enter the digestive tract

A

9000 mL

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8
Q

Under normal conditions, only between __ to __ mL of the fluid reaches the large intestine

A

500 to 1500 mL

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9
Q

How many mL of water can the large intestine absorb?

A

3000 mL

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10
Q

Excessive amount of water in the large intestine is excreted with fecal material, also known as ___

A

Diarrhea

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11
Q

Production of small and hard stools is known as __

A

Constipation

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12
Q

Large quantities of pus in stool commonly seen in patients with ____ _____ and ____ ____

A

Chronic ulcerative colitis
Chronic bacillary dysentery

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13
Q

Upper GI bleeding, iron therapy and charcoal may cause the stool to be ____ (color)

A

Black

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14
Q

Lower GI bleeding, rifampin, beets and food coloring may cause the stool to be ____ (color)

A

Red

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15
Q

Pale yellow, white or gray color of stool can be caused by ____ or _____

A

Bile-duct obstruction
Barium sulfate

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16
Q

Ribbon-like stools are caused by ____

A

Intestinal constriction

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17
Q

Green stool is caused by ___, ____ or ____

A

Antibiotics
Biliverdin
Green vegetables

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18
Q

Pale, bulky, frothy and foul odor stool can indicate ___ or ____

A

Bile-duct obstruction
Pancreatic disorders

19
Q

Intestinal wall damage, dysentery and malignancy can cause what type of stool?

A

Stool with blood-streaked mucus

20
Q

Intestinal irritation, inflammation, colitis and straining causes stool to be ____?

A

Mucus-coated

21
Q

Type of stool that is watery and no solid pieces in Bristol chart?

A

Type 7

22
Q

Type of stool that is sausage-shaped but lumpy in Bristol chart?

A

Type 2

23
Q

Type of stool that is sausage-shaped but with cracks in Bristol chart?

A

Type 3

24
Q

Type of stool that is soft blobs with clear cut edges in Bristol chart?

A

Type 5

25
Q

Type of stool that is separate hard lumps in Bristol chart?

A

Type 1

26
Q

Type of stool that is fluffy pieces with ragged edges in Bristol chart?

A

Type 6

27
Q

Type of stool that is sausage-like, smooth and soft in Bristol chart?

A

Type 4

28
Q

Odor of stool depends on the __ of the stool

A

pH

29
Q

Substances that produces normal odor formed by intestinal bacterial fermentation and prolification

A

Indole
Skatole

30
Q

Undigested lactose can produce ___ odor of stool

A

Sweet

31
Q

Constipation odor

A

Scybala

32
Q

What are the two fecal electrolytes?

A

Fecal sodium
Fecal potassium

33
Q

Laboratory test used to differentiate mechanism of diarrhea are __ __, __ ___, and ___ __

A

Fecal electrolytes
Fecal osmolality
Stool pH

34
Q

pH < 5.6 indicates ___ ___

A

Sugar malabsorption

35
Q

Fecal osmotic gap is calculated by ___, ___ and ___

A

Sodium
Potassium
Osmolarity

36
Q

A functional disorder in which the nerves and muscles of the bowels are extra sensitive

A

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

37
Q

Altered motility describes conditions of ___ ___ (____) or ___ ___ (____)

A

Enhanced motility (hypermotility)
Slow motility (constipation)

38
Q

This type of diarrhea is caused by increased secretion of water via infections

A

Secretory Diarrhea

39
Q

This type of diarrhea is caused by poor absorption that exerts osmotic pressure across the intestinal mucosa

A

Osmotic Diarrhea

40
Q

Osmotic gap less than 50 Osm/kg indicates?

A

Secretory Diarrhea

Rationale: Greater than 50 Osm/kg indicates Osmotic Diarrhea

41
Q

Stool sodium greater than 90 mmol/L indicates?

A

Secretory Diarrhea

Rationale: Less than 60mmol/L indicates Osmotic Diarrhea

42
Q

Stool output of less than 200g indicates?

A

Osmotic Diarrhea

Rationale: Greater than 200g indicates Secretory Diarrhea

43
Q

pH less than 5.3 indicates?

A

Osmotic Diarrhea

Rationale: Greater than 5.6 pH indicates Secretory Diarrhea

44
Q

Positive for reducing substances indicates?

A

Osmotic Diarrhea

Rationale: Negative for reducing substances indicates Secretory Diarrhea

Analysis on Urine and other Bodily Fluids (17 decks)

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