Laboratory: Fecal Analysis Flashcards
What is not normally seen in fecal specimen?
RBC
Intestinal gas is also known as
Flatus
Digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas to the small intestine:
Trypsin
Chymotrypsin
Amino peptidase
Lipase
What type of fecal specimen is collected for testing?
Random
Excess undigested and unabsorbed materials appear in the feces that may indicate ___ and ___
Maldigestion
Malabsorption
Grams of feces excreted in 24 hours
100 to 200g
Approx. ___ ml of ingested fluid, saliva, gastric, liver, pancreatic and intestinal secretions enter the digestive tract
9000 mL
Under normal conditions, only between __ to __ mL of the fluid reaches the large intestine
500 to 1500 mL
How many mL of water can the large intestine absorb?
3000 mL
Excessive amount of water in the large intestine is excreted with fecal material, also known as ___
Diarrhea
Production of small and hard stools is known as __
Constipation
Large quantities of pus in stool commonly seen in patients with ____ _____ and ____ ____
Chronic ulcerative colitis
Chronic bacillary dysentery
Upper GI bleeding, iron therapy and charcoal may cause the stool to be ____ (color)
Black
Lower GI bleeding, rifampin, beets and food coloring may cause the stool to be ____ (color)
Red
Pale yellow, white or gray color of stool can be caused by ____ or _____
Bile-duct obstruction
Barium sulfate
Ribbon-like stools are caused by ____
Intestinal constriction
Green stool is caused by ___, ____ or ____
Antibiotics
Biliverdin
Green vegetables
Pale, bulky, frothy and foul odor stool can indicate ___ or ____
Bile-duct obstruction
Pancreatic disorders
Intestinal wall damage, dysentery and malignancy can cause what type of stool?
Stool with blood-streaked mucus
Intestinal irritation, inflammation, colitis and straining causes stool to be ____?
Mucus-coated
Type of stool that is watery and no solid pieces in Bristol chart?
Type 7
Type of stool that is sausage-shaped but lumpy in Bristol chart?
Type 2
Type of stool that is sausage-shaped but with cracks in Bristol chart?
Type 3
Type of stool that is soft blobs with clear cut edges in Bristol chart?
Type 5
Type of stool that is separate hard lumps in Bristol chart?
Type 1
Type of stool that is fluffy pieces with ragged edges in Bristol chart?
Type 6
Type of stool that is sausage-like, smooth and soft in Bristol chart?
Type 4
Odor of stool depends on the __ of the stool
pH
Substances that produces normal odor formed by intestinal bacterial fermentation and prolification
Indole
Skatole
Undigested lactose can produce ___ odor of stool
Sweet
Constipation odor
Scybala
What are the two fecal electrolytes?
Fecal sodium
Fecal potassium
Laboratory test used to differentiate mechanism of diarrhea are __ __, __ ___, and ___ __
Fecal electrolytes
Fecal osmolality
Stool pH
pH < 5.6 indicates ___ ___
Sugar malabsorption
Fecal osmotic gap is calculated by ___, ___ and ___
Sodium
Potassium
Osmolarity
A functional disorder in which the nerves and muscles of the bowels are extra sensitive
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
Altered motility describes conditions of ___ ___ (____) or ___ ___ (____)
Enhanced motility (hypermotility)
Slow motility (constipation)
This type of diarrhea is caused by increased secretion of water via infections
Secretory Diarrhea
This type of diarrhea is caused by poor absorption that exerts osmotic pressure across the intestinal mucosa
Osmotic Diarrhea
Osmotic gap less than 50 Osm/kg indicates?
Secretory Diarrhea
Rationale: Greater than 50 Osm/kg indicates Osmotic Diarrhea
Stool sodium greater than 90 mmol/L indicates?
Secretory Diarrhea
Rationale: Less than 60mmol/L indicates Osmotic Diarrhea
Stool output of less than 200g indicates?
Osmotic Diarrhea
Rationale: Greater than 200g indicates Secretory Diarrhea
pH less than 5.3 indicates?
Osmotic Diarrhea
Rationale: Greater than 5.6 pH indicates Secretory Diarrhea
Positive for reducing substances indicates?
Osmotic Diarrhea
Rationale: Negative for reducing substances indicates Secretory Diarrhea
