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Analysis on Urine and other Bodily Fluids > Book: Physical Examination > Flashcards

Book: Physical Examination Flashcards

1
Q

The concentration of a normal urine specimen can be estimated by which of the following?

A. Color
B. Clarity
C. Foam
D. Odor

A

Color

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2
Q

The normal yellow color of urine is produced by:

A. Bilirubin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Urobilinogen
D. Urochrome

A

Urochrome

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3
Q

The presence of bilirubin in a urine specimen produces a:

A. Yellow foam when shaken
B. White foam when shaken
C. Cloudy specimen
D. Yellow-red specimen

A

Yellow foam when shaken

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4
Q

A urine specimen containing melanin will appear:

A. Pale pink
B. Dark yellow
C. Blue-green
D. Black

A

Black

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5
Q

Specimens that contain hemoglobin can be visually distinguished from those that contain RBCs because:

A. Hemoglobin produces a clear, yellow specimen
B. Hemoglobin produces a cloudy pink specimen
C. RBCs produce a cloudy red specimen
D. RBCs produce a clear red specimen

A

Hemoglobin produces a clear, yellow specimen

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6
Q

A patient with a viscous orange specimen may have been:

A. Treated for a urinary tract infection
B. Taking vitamin B pills
C. Eating fresh carrots
D. Taking antidepressants

A

Treated for a urinary tract infection

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7
Q

The presence of a pink precipitate in a refrigerated specimen is caused by:

A. Hemoglobin
B. Urobilin
C. Uroerythrin
D. Beets

A

Uroerythrin

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8
Q

Microscopic examination of a clear urine that produces a
white precipitate after refrigeration will show:

A. Amorphous urates
B. Porphyrins
C. Amorphous phosphates
D. Yeast

A

Amorphous phosphates

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9
Q

The color of urine containing porphyrins will be:

A. Yellow-brown
B. Green
C. Orange
D. Port wine

A

Port wine

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10
Q

Which of the following specific gravities would be most likely to correlate with a pale yellow urine?

A. 1.005
B. 1.010
C. 1.020
D. 1.030

A

1.005

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11
Q

A urine specific gravity measured by refractometer is 1.029, and the temperature of the urine is 14°C. The specific gravity should be reported as:

A. 1.023
B. 1.027
C. 1.029
D. 1.032

A

1.029

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12
Q

The principle of refractive index is to compare:

A. Light velocity in solutions with light velocity in
solids
B. Light velocity in air with light velocity in solutions
C. Light scattering by air with light scattering by
solutions
D. Light scattering by particles in solution

A

Light velocity in air with light velocity in solutions

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13
Q

A correlation exists between a specific gravity by refractometer of 1.050 and a:

A. 2+ glucose
B. 2+ protein
C. First morning specimen
D. Radiographic dye infusion

A

Radiographic dye infusion

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14
Q

A cloudy urine specimen turns black upon standing and has a specific gravity of 1.012. The major concern about this specimen would be:

A. Color
B. Turbidity
C. Specific gravity
D. All of the above

A

Color

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15
Q

A specimen with a specific gravity of 1.035 would be considered:

A. Isosthenuric
B. Hyposthenuric
C. Hypersthenuric
D. Not urine

A

Hypersthenuric

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16
Q

A specimen with a specific gravity of 1.001 would be considered:

A. Hyposthenuric
B. Not urine
C. Hypersthenuric
D. Isosthenuric

A

Not urine

17
Q

A strong odor of ammonia in a urine specimen could
indicate:

A. Ketones
B. Normalcy
C. Phenylketonuria
D. An old specimen

A

An old specimen

18
Q

The microscopic of a clear red urine is reported as many WBCs and epithelial cells. What does this suggest?

A. Urinary tract infection
B. Dilute random specimen
C. Hematuria
D. Possible mix-up of specimen and sediment

A

Possible mix-up of specimen and sediment

19
Q

Which of the following would contribute the most to a
urine osmolality?

A. One osmole of glucose
B. One osmole of urea
C. One osmole of sodium chloride
D. All contribute equally

A

One osmole of sodium chloride

20
Q

Which of the following colligative properties is not stated correctly?

A. The boiling pointing is raised by solute
B. The freezing point is raised by solute
C. The vapor pressure is lowered by solute
D. The osmotic pressure is raised by solute

A

The freezing point is raised by solute

21
Q

An osmole contains:

A. One gram molecular weight of solute dissolved in
one liter of solvent
B. One gram molecular weight of solute dissolved
in one kilogram of solvent
C. Two gram molecular weights of solute dissolved in
one liter of solvent
D. Two gram molecular weights of solute dissolved
in one kilogram of solvent

A

One gram molecular weight of solute dissolved
in one kilogram of solvent

22
Q

The unit of osmolality measured in the clinical laboratory is the:

A. Osmole
B. Milliosmole
C. Molecular weight
D. Ionic charge

A

Osmole

23
Q

In the reagent strip specific gravity reaction the
polyelectrolyte:

A. Combines with hydrogen ions in response to ion
concentration
B. Releases hydrogen ions in response to ion
concentration
C. Releases hydrogen ions in response to pH

A

Releases hydrogen ions in response to ion
concentration

24
Q

Which of the following will react in the reagent strip
specific gravity test?

A. Glucose
B. Radiographic dye
C. Protein
D. Chloride

A

Chloride

25
Q

Given the following physical urinalysis results, determine
additional urinalysis results that may be abnormal.

a. A green specimen with a strong foul odor of ammonia

b. A pale yellow urine with a specific gravity of 1.030

c. A dark yellow specimen with yellow foam

d. A cloudy red urine

A

a. An elevated pH and a positive reagent strip reaction
for nitrite

b. The reagent strip specific gravity would be much
lower if the patient had been given radiographic dye

c. The reagent strip test for bilirubin would be positive

d. The reagent strip reaction for blood would be positive
and red blood cells would be seen in the microscopic

26
Q

State two pathologic causes of a clear red urine

A

Hemoglobin and myoglobin

27
Q

Is a clear urine always normal? Explain your answer

A

No. The urine can contain increased pH, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite, and small amounts of cellular structures

Analysis on Urine and other Bodily Fluids (17 decks)

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