Book: Physical Examination Flashcards
The concentration of a normal urine specimen can be estimated by which of the following?
A. Color
B. Clarity
C. Foam
D. Odor
Color
The normal yellow color of urine is produced by:
A. Bilirubin
B. Hemoglobin
C. Urobilinogen
D. Urochrome
Urochrome
The presence of bilirubin in a urine specimen produces a:
A. Yellow foam when shaken
B. White foam when shaken
C. Cloudy specimen
D. Yellow-red specimen
Yellow foam when shaken
A urine specimen containing melanin will appear:
A. Pale pink
B. Dark yellow
C. Blue-green
D. Black
Black
Specimens that contain hemoglobin can be visually distinguished from those that contain RBCs because:
A. Hemoglobin produces a clear, yellow specimen
B. Hemoglobin produces a cloudy pink specimen
C. RBCs produce a cloudy red specimen
D. RBCs produce a clear red specimen
Hemoglobin produces a clear, yellow specimen
A patient with a viscous orange specimen may have been:
A. Treated for a urinary tract infection
B. Taking vitamin B pills
C. Eating fresh carrots
D. Taking antidepressants
Treated for a urinary tract infection
The presence of a pink precipitate in a refrigerated specimen is caused by:
A. Hemoglobin
B. Urobilin
C. Uroerythrin
D. Beets
Uroerythrin
Microscopic examination of a clear urine that produces a
white precipitate after refrigeration will show:
A. Amorphous urates
B. Porphyrins
C. Amorphous phosphates
D. Yeast
Amorphous phosphates
The color of urine containing porphyrins will be:
A. Yellow-brown
B. Green
C. Orange
D. Port wine
Port wine
Which of the following specific gravities would be most likely to correlate with a pale yellow urine?
A. 1.005
B. 1.010
C. 1.020
D. 1.030
1.005
A urine specific gravity measured by refractometer is 1.029, and the temperature of the urine is 14°C. The specific gravity should be reported as:
A. 1.023
B. 1.027
C. 1.029
D. 1.032
1.029
The principle of refractive index is to compare:
A. Light velocity in solutions with light velocity in
solids
B. Light velocity in air with light velocity in solutions
C. Light scattering by air with light scattering by
solutions
D. Light scattering by particles in solution
Light velocity in air with light velocity in solutions
A correlation exists between a specific gravity by refractometer of 1.050 and a:
A. 2+ glucose
B. 2+ protein
C. First morning specimen
D. Radiographic dye infusion
Radiographic dye infusion
A cloudy urine specimen turns black upon standing and has a specific gravity of 1.012. The major concern about this specimen would be:
A. Color
B. Turbidity
C. Specific gravity
D. All of the above
Color
A specimen with a specific gravity of 1.035 would be considered:
A. Isosthenuric
B. Hyposthenuric
C. Hypersthenuric
D. Not urine
Hypersthenuric
A specimen with a specific gravity of 1.001 would be considered:
A. Hyposthenuric
B. Not urine
C. Hypersthenuric
D. Isosthenuric
Not urine
A strong odor of ammonia in a urine specimen could
indicate:
A. Ketones
B. Normalcy
C. Phenylketonuria
D. An old specimen
An old specimen
The microscopic of a clear red urine is reported as many WBCs and epithelial cells. What does this suggest?
A. Urinary tract infection
B. Dilute random specimen
C. Hematuria
D. Possible mix-up of specimen and sediment
Possible mix-up of specimen and sediment
Which of the following would contribute the most to a
urine osmolality?
A. One osmole of glucose
B. One osmole of urea
C. One osmole of sodium chloride
D. All contribute equally
One osmole of sodium chloride
Which of the following colligative properties is not stated correctly?
A. The boiling pointing is raised by solute
B. The freezing point is raised by solute
C. The vapor pressure is lowered by solute
D. The osmotic pressure is raised by solute
The freezing point is raised by solute
An osmole contains:
A. One gram molecular weight of solute dissolved in
one liter of solvent
B. One gram molecular weight of solute dissolved
in one kilogram of solvent
C. Two gram molecular weights of solute dissolved in
one liter of solvent
D. Two gram molecular weights of solute dissolved
in one kilogram of solvent
One gram molecular weight of solute dissolved
in one kilogram of solvent
The unit of osmolality measured in the clinical laboratory is the:
A. Osmole
B. Milliosmole
C. Molecular weight
D. Ionic charge
Osmole
In the reagent strip specific gravity reaction the
polyelectrolyte:
A. Combines with hydrogen ions in response to ion
concentration
B. Releases hydrogen ions in response to ion
concentration
C. Releases hydrogen ions in response to pH
Releases hydrogen ions in response to ion
concentration
Which of the following will react in the reagent strip
specific gravity test?
A. Glucose
B. Radiographic dye
C. Protein
D. Chloride
Chloride
Given the following physical urinalysis results, determine
additional urinalysis results that may be abnormal.
a. A green specimen with a strong foul odor of ammonia
b. A pale yellow urine with a specific gravity of 1.030
c. A dark yellow specimen with yellow foam
d. A cloudy red urine
a. An elevated pH and a positive reagent strip reaction
for nitrite
b. The reagent strip specific gravity would be much
lower if the patient had been given radiographic dye
c. The reagent strip test for bilirubin would be positive
d. The reagent strip reaction for blood would be positive
and red blood cells would be seen in the microscopic
State two pathologic causes of a clear red urine
Hemoglobin and myoglobin
Is a clear urine always normal? Explain your answer
No. The urine can contain increased pH, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogen, nitrite, and small amounts of cellular structures
