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Analysis on Urine and other Bodily Fluids > Laboratory: HCG > Flashcards

Laboratory: HCG Flashcards

1
Q

A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the trophoblast of the developing embryo that rapidly increases in urine or serum during early stages of pregnancy

A

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG)

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1
Q

Composition of HCG

A

Alpha and Beta subunit

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2
Q

The alpha subunit of HCG is similar to LH, FSH, and TSH. True or False?

A

True

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3
Q

Beta-hCG helps maintain the ovaries and stimulate the production of progesterone. True or False?

A

False, it helps maintain the corpus luteum

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4
Q

Detectable amount of Beta-hCG in normal pregnancy

A

25 mIU/mL

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5
Q

In normal pregnancy, Beta-hCG is secreted 8-10 days after implantation and approx. 2-3 days after conception. True or False?

A

False, it is secreted 2-3 days after implantation and 8-10 after conception

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6
Q

Peak levels of hCG is reached approximately ____ after the last ____ ____

A

2-3 months
Menstrual period

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7
Q

Serum hCG levels rise rapidly in early gestation. True or False?

A

True

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8
Q

This is the disappearance of HCG from blood after removal, characterized by implanted fertilized egg outside the womb

A

Ectopic Pregnancy

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9
Q

Monthly shedding of uterine lining in women when ovary is not fertilized within duration.

A

Menstruation

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10
Q

Normal cycle of menstruation before starting

A

28-day cycle

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11
Q

Menstruation can last for __

A

4-5 days

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12
Q

Occurs when a fertilized egg attaches to the lining of the uterus.

A

Pregnancy

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13
Q

Supports the developing embryo by thickening the wall of uterine lining

A

Progesterone

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14
Q

A test to detect the presence of Beta-hCG

A

Pregnancy Test

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15
Q

A male patient can possibly have a __ __ if __ on a pregnancy test

A

Malignant condition
Positive

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16
Q

Pregnancy Test can also determine trophoblastic diseases such as __, __, __ and __ (__)

A

Hydatidiform mole
Choriocarcinoma
Chorioepithelioma
Teratoma (Testicular tumor)

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17
Q

Urine sample collected for pregnancy test is ___

A

First morning

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18
Q

Intake of ____ and ___ should be restricted before pregnancy test

A

Fluid
Sedatives

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19
Q

Samples for pregnancy can be stored at _ to _ degrees Celsius for __ hours

A

2-8
48

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20
Q

If sample is refrigerated, place at room temperature for __ minutes before examination

A

30

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21
Q

If two lines appear in the C and T area of test kit, it is positive for pregnancy. True or False?

A

True

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22
Q

One line in the T area indicates negative for pregnancy. True or False?

A

False, one line in T area indicates that test is invalid

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23
Q

Negative for pregnancy is characterized by __ __ in _ area in test kit

A

One line
C area

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24
Q

A recommendation for collection of new sample after 48 hours using another test kit happens when there is the presence of __ __

A

Faint band

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25
Q

False-positive result for pregnancy test can caused by increased ___, trophoblastic diseases and incomplete ___

A

Protein
Abortion

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26
Q

Toxic urine can cause false negative result in pregnancy test. How do you detoxify urine?

A

Cellophane dialysis (addition of 0.1 NHCl)

27
Q

Other causes of false-negative result besides toxic urine in pregnancy test:

A

Dilute urine
Undetectable levels of HCG

28
Q

Toxic urine can be caused by either __ or __

A

Bacterial contamination
Excessive electrolyte content

29
Q

Home-Based HCG Pregnancy Test Kit is based on what principle?

A

Enzyme Immunoassay

30
Q

Urine samples for pregnancy testing should have an SG of ___ or higher

A

1.015

31
Q

What is the source of anti-HCG?

A

Rabbit

32
Q

In Home-Based HCG PT, anti-HCG is impregnated on the membrane strip. True or False?

A

True

33
Q

This refers to the use of experimental animals to identify the presence of HCG

A

Biological Assay

34
Q

Animal used in Ascheim-Zondek

A

Immature female mice

35
Q

Animal used in Friedman

A

Mature virgin female rabbit

36
Q

Animal used in Hogben

A

Female toad

37
Q

Animal used in Galli-Mainini

A

Male Frog or Male Toad

38
Q

Animal used in Frank-Berman

A

Immature female rats

39
Q

Animal used in Kupperman

A

Female rat

40
Q

Specific specie of female toad in Hogben

A

Xenopus laevis

41
Q

Specific specie of male frog in Galli-Mainini

A

Rana pipiens
Rana clamitans

42
Q

Specific specie of male toad in Galli-Mainini

A

Bufo bufo
Bufo americanus

43
Q

Subcutaneous mode of injection is used in what biological assays?

A

Ascheim-Zondek
Galli-Mainini
Frank-Berman

44
Q

Marginal ear vein injection is used in what test?

A

Friedman Test

45
Q

Lymph sac injection is used in what test?

A

Hogben Test

46
Q

Intraperitoneal injection is used in what test?

A

Kupperman Test

47
Q

Positive result for Frank-Berman and Kupperman Test indicates what?

A

Ovarian hyperemia

48
Q

Positive result for Hogben Test indicates?

A

Oogenesis

49
Q

Positive result for Galli-Mainini Test indicates?

A

Spermatogenesis

50
Q

Formation of hemorrhagic follicles and corpora lutea is characterized by positive result in what test?

A

Ascheim-Zondek

51
Q

Hyperemic uterus and corpora hemorrhagica is characterized by positive result in what test?

A

Friedman Test

52
Q

Types of Immunologic Assay for HCG:

A

Complement fixation
Hemagglutination-inhibition
Latex particle agglutination inhibition
Direct agglutination
Enzyme immunoassay

53
Q

This test identifies the presence of progesterone

A

Pregnandiol Test

54
Q

Positive Pregnandiol Test forms what color?

A

Deep orange or dark brown

55
Q

Negative Pregnandiol Test forms what color?

A

Amber

56
Q

This test identifies the presence of epinephrine

A

Iodine Test / Lugol’s reaction test

57
Q

Positive Iodine Test forms what color?

A

Deep orange or dark brown

58
Q

How many weeks of waiting before results for Prostigmen Withdrawal Bleeding Test?

A

2 weeks

59
Q

Bleeding in PWBT indicates?

A

Not pregnant

Rationale: No bleeding indicates pregnancy

60
Q

In Skin Colostrum Test, what is injected and where it is injected?

A

Breast milk
Forearm

61
Q

No swelling or redness in SCT indicates?

A

Pregnancy

Rationale: Swelling indicates pregnancy

62
Q

How many days of waiting before result in SCT?

A

3 days

63
Q

How many tablets is given in Primodos Oral Test?

A

5 tablets

64
Q

The tablets in Primodos Oral induce bleeding. No bleeding after 5 days indicates?

A

Pregnancy

Rationale: Bleeding within 5 days indicates no pregnancy

Analysis on Urine and other Bodily Fluids (17 decks)

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