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Histology > Lecture Quiz 2 > Flashcards

Lecture Quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue

A

a group of cells that are assembled to perform a common function

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2
Q

What are the four basic tissues in the body?

A

Epithelium
-lines body cavities/surfaces and forms glands

Connective Tissue
-supporting tissue (bone)

Muscle Tissue
-Contracts to produce movement

Nervous Tissue
-integrates and coordinates body activities

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3
Q

Epithelium

-definition

A

a purely cellular, avascular layer/layers of cells covering all free surfaces (both inside and out) of the body

  • form glands of the body
  • typically one surface is free facing air or fluid
  • other surface is attached nearly always to connective tissue
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4
Q

General Characteristics of epithelium

A
  1. Highly cellular-little intercellular space or substance
  2. No direct blood supply
  3. Regeneration capacity- wound healing
  4. cells frequently exhibits polarity with respect to orientation of cell and organelles
    - Apical Surface
    - Basal Surface
    - Lateral Surface
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5
Q

Apical Surface

  • definition
  • surface specializations
  • function
A

free surface-faces are or fluid

Surface Specializations

  • cilia, microvilli, stereo cilia
  • clathrin coated vesicles
  • glycocalyx

Function:
-absorption, recognition

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6
Q

Basal surface

  • definition
  • surface specializations
  • function
A

attached surface
-usually to connective tissue

Surface specializations:

  • hemidesmosomes
  • membrane folds

Function:
attachment, transport, absorption

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7
Q

Lateral Surface

  • definition
  • surface specializations
  • function
A

often attached to other epithelial cells

Surface specializatoins

  • junctional complexes
  • gap junctions
  • cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)

Function:
-attachment, communication

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8
Q

Types of Epithelium

A

1) Lining or membranous epithelium

2) Glandular Epithelium

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9
Q

Lining/Membranous Epithelium

A

covers the surface of the body and lines organs

ex: digestion, respiratory, and urogenital tracts
- lines blood vessels, the heart and body cavitiies

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10
Q

Glandular Epithelium

A 
Forms glands(exocrine and endocrine)
-specialized for secretion
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11
Q

Functions of epithelia

A
  1. Protection-skin
  2. Secretion- glands
  3. Excretion-Kidneys
  4. Absorption- lining the small intestine
  5. Filtration- renal corpuscle of the kidney
  6. Lubrication
  7. Reproduction
  8. Transport
  9. Sensory Perception
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12
Q

Histogenesis

A

epithelium is derived from all 3 germ layers

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13
Q

Basement membrane

A

Basal lamina + reticular lamina

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14
Q

Basal Lamina

A

produced by epithelia
2 parts:
-lamina lucida
-lamina densida

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
Collagen type IV (doesnt form fibrils)
Laminin-glycoprotein, connects basal lamina to epithelial cells

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15
Q

Reticular Lamina

A

produced by connective tissue

Collagen III fibrils, AKA reticular Collagen
Glycosaminoglycans GAGs)
Function
-support-physical, functional 
-Selective filtration
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16
Q

Simple Squamous forms?

A

Bowmans capsule in kidney

-lines alveoli of lungs

17
Q

Mesothelium forms?

A

lines surface of body cavities

Peritoneal, pleural, pericardial cavities

18
Q

Endothelium forms?

A

lines blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

19
Q

Stratified Squamous

-2 types

A

1) Cornified (AKA keratinized)
- contains filaggrin-cross linking protein-cross links keratin intermediate filaments

2) Non-cornified (AKA Nonkeratinized)
- keratin intermediate filaments present but not cross linked

** All epithelia possess keratin intermediate filament but not all is CROSS LINKED

20
Q

Exocrine Epithelial

-def

A

products are secreted into ducts

21
Q

Endocrine

-defintion

A

ductless

  • produce hormones that are secreted into the blood stream
  • wrapped in capillaries
22
Q

Mode of secretory product release

-different types?

A

Merocrine
Aprocrine
Holocrine
Cytogenous

23
Q

Merocrine

A

Merocrine
-secretory granules fuse with cell membrane and contents only are released (serous or mucus)
Ex: pancreas or sweat glands

24
Q

Aprocrine

A

Secretion is released with plasma membrane eveloping the particle
-part of the cytoplasm leaves the cell

25
Q

Holocrine

A

Whole cell dies and is secreted

26
Q

Cytogenous

A

whole living cell is released

27
Q

Epithelia cells

A

cells with epithelial characteristics but LACK A FREE SURFACE
Ex: Leydig cells

Histology (20 decks)

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