Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Histology > epithelium > Flashcards

epithelium Flashcards

1
Q

Tissue

A

a group of cells that assemble to perform a common function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the four basic tissues in the body?

A
  1. Epithelium
  2. Connective tissue
  3. Nervous tissue
  4. Muscle tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Epithelium

-definition

A

Purely cellular

  • a vascular layer or layers of cells covering all free surfaces of the body
  • form glands of the body
  • typicall one surface is free=face fluid or air
  • other surface is attached to connective tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

General Characteristics of Epithelium

A
  1. Highly Cellular
  2. No direct blood supply (avascular)
  3. Regeneration capacity
  4. Cells exhibit polarity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Apical Surface

  • def
  • function
  • surface specialization
A

Free surface
-faces air or fluid

Function:
-absorption, recognition

Surface Specialization

  • Cilia, microvilli, stereocilia
  • clathrin coated vesicles
  • Glycocalyx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Basal surface

  • def
  • function
  • surface specialization
A

Attached surface
-usually connected to connective tissue

Function:
-attachment, transport, absorption

Cell Specialization:

  • hemidesmosomes
  • Membrane folds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Lateral Surface

  • def
  • function
  • surface specialization
A

Attached to other epithelial cells

Function:
-attachment, communication

Surface Specialization:

  • junctional complexes
  • gap junctions
  • Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Types of Epithelium

-def

A

Lining or membranous epithelium
-covers the surface of the body and lines organs

Glandular epithelium

  • forms glands (exocrine and endocrine)
  • specialized for secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Functions of epithelia

A
  1. Protection
  2. Secretion
  3. Excretion
  4. Absorption
  5. Filtration
  6. Lubrication
  7. Reproduction
  8. Transport
  9. Sensory Perception
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Histogenesis

A

epithelium is derived from all 3 germ layers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Microdomain

A

Region of cell membrane that has a distinct structure ofr function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the basement membrane composed of?

A

Basal Lamina

Reticular Lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Basal Lamina

A

Produced by epithelia

Two Parts:

  • Lamina lucida
  • Lamina Densida

Glycosaminoglycans

Collagen type IV-does not form fibrils

Laminin-glycoprotein, connects basal lamina to epithelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Reticular Lamina

A

produced by connective tissue
-collagen III fibrils AKA reticular Collagen

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)

Functions;

  1. support
  2. Selective Filtration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is simple squamous found?

A
  • Bowmans Capsule in kidney

- lines alveoli of lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where are mesothelial cells found?

A

Mesothelium

  • lines surface of body cavities
  • Peritoneal, pleural, pericardial cavities
17
Q

Where are Endothelium found?

A

lines blood vessels and lymphatic vessels

18
Q

Where are Simple columnar cells found?

A

-Line the intestine

19
Q

Funciton of simple columnar cells

A

absorption and secretion

20
Q

Function of pseudo stratified columnar cells

A

absorption of material

21
Q

Pseudostratified columnar

A

Can be:

Ciliated with Goblet Cells

  • lines respiratory passages
  • function in moving surface material

w/Stereocilia

  • lines part of the male reproductive tract
  • Long microvilli NOT CILIA
22
Q

Stratified Squamous

-two types

A
  1. Cornified (AKA keratinized)
    - contains filaggrin
  2. Non-cornified (AKA nonkeratinized)
    - keratin intermediate filaments present BUT NOT CROSSLINKED
23
Q

Function of transitional epithelium

A

Accommodates stretch

-protects underlying tissue from hypertonic urine

24
Q

Mucous Membranes

A

AKA mucosa
Mucous Secretion
-rich in proteins O-glycosylated with anionic oligosaccharides=more viscous thicker

-lines gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts

25
Q

Function of mucous membranes

A

In GI Tract:
-viscous fluid (mucus) protects against chemical irritation)

In Respiratory Tract:
-traps inhaled particles

26
Q

Goblet Cells

A

secrete mucus

27
Q

Exocrine vs Endocrine

A

ALL EXOCRINE and MOST Endocrine glands are made of epithelia cells

2 endocrine exceptions

  • Posterior Pituitary
  • Adrenal Medulla

Exocrine
-products are secreted into ducts

Endocrine

  • ductless
  • produces hormones that are secreted into the bloodstream
  • wrapped in capillaries
28
Q

3 types of acini

A
  1. Acini
  2. Mucous
  3. Mixed (both serous and mucous)
    - may or may not have serous demilune
29
Q

Types of secretion

A 
Serous Secretion (watery)
Mucous Secretion (mucoid)
30
Q

Serous Secretion

-general characteristics

A

Serous Acinus
-Watery

Pyramidal shaped cells
-cell boundaries indistinct 
-spherical nucleus 
-Apical Secretory granules-stain acidophilic with H & E
Basophilic cytoplasm around the nucleus

Secretory product

  • proteinaceous
  • thin, watery, and contains enzymes
31
Q

Mucous Secretion

A

Mucous Acinus
-mucoid

Pyramidal shaped cells

  • cell boundary distinct
  • nucleus flattened an at base of cell

Secretory product (mucinogen)–thick an may act as a lubricant

  • lost during preparation of the tissue=apical part of cell is clear with H&E
  • only slight basophilia around nucleus
32
Q

Mode of secretory product release

A
  1. Merocrine (eccrine)
  2. Aprocrine
  3. Holocrine
  4. Cytogenous
33
Q

Mode of Secretory product: Merocrine

A

ECCRINE

  • secretory granules fuse with cell membrane and contents ONLY are released
  • serous or mucous
34
Q

Mode of Secretory product: Apocrine

A
  • secretion is released with plasma membrane enveloping the particle
  • part of the cytoplasm leaves the cell
35
Q

Mode of Secretory product: Holocrine

A

Whole cell dies and is secreted

36
Q

Mode of Secretory product: Cytogenous

A

Whole living cell is released

37
Q

Epithelia Cells

A

Cells with Epithelial characteristics but lack a free surface

Histology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions