Lecture: Otitis externa/media dogs/cats Flashcards
1
Q
middle ear
A
bulla
2
Q
Otodectes cynotis
A
- aka ear mite
- non-burrowing obligatory parasite
- feed on lymph and blood
- more common in animals < 1 yr old
- 50% OE in cats
- 5-10% OE in dogs
- Coffee ground serumen
3
Q
Eutrombicula alfreddugesi
A
- aka chiggers
- usually more common on outside of ears
- reddish color
4
Q
otodemodicosis
A
- more common in cats (D. cati)
- ceruminous otitis externa
- suspect immunosuppresion
- FeLV, FIV, diabetes, neplasia
- evident on ear swab (don’t scrape)
5
Q
sarcoptes scabiei var. canis
A
- aka canine scabies
- usually ear tips, can be OE
- severe pruritus
- female burrows in epidermis and lays eggs
- thick yellow crusts
6
Q
Notoedres catis
A
- feline scabies, same as dogs
7
Q
Foreign body
Causes
CS
TX
A
- causes
- plant awns (barley)
- insect
- sand
- dry meds
- CS
- acute/chronic unilateral otitis
- Tx
- removal and topical antibiotic
8
Q
nasopharyngeal polyp
A
- etiology
- congenital
- bacterial
- calicivirus
- CS
- chronic uni/bilateral otitis
- mass in ear canal
- head tilt
- Tx
- sx
*cats: orginate from bulla
9
Q
secondary factors of OE
A
- infection
- bacteria: staphylococcus
- yeast: malassezia
- can be normal flora
10
Q
Summary
Patient history
A
- age of onset
- breet
- duration
- seasonality
- unilateral vs. bilateral
- previous medications
- environmental factors
11
Q
clinical signs OE
A
- odor
- head shaking
- discharge
- pruritus
- aural hematoma
- head tilt
- pain
- erythema
- edema
- lichenification
- hyperpigmentation
- exoriations
- mineralization
12
Q
Causes of otitis media
A
- extension of otitis externa
- Ascending infection via Eustachian tube
- Hematogenous spread
13
Q
DX Otitis media
A
Can be very difficult
14
Q
Otitis media
Neuro signs
A
- facial nerve paralysis
- KCS
- Horner’s syndrome
- miosis
- ptosis
- protrusion 3rd eyelid
15
Q
Otitis media
Peripheral vestibular disease
A
- head tild, nystagmus
- same side as otitis
- ataxia
- alert, normal mentation
- +/- nausea
*think inner ear problem
16
Q
Diagnostic tools
A
- ear cytology
- video-otoscopy
- deap ear flushing and myringotomy
- diagnostic imaging
- xray vs CT vs MRI
- Biopsy
- Culture and sensitivity
17
Q
Ear cytology
A
Fundamental
Easy
Extremely informative
18
Q
Miringotomy
A
- surgical rupture of TM
- DIagnostic
- collection of material
- Culture
- PCR
- collection of material
- Therapeutic
- flushing of the bulla
- permanent opening
- instill antibiotics and steroids
19
Q
Culture more useful in …
A
otitis media
20
Q
Med management
Otitis externa
A
- topicals
- cleansers
- antimicrobials
- systemic drugs
- antimicrobials
- anti-inflammatory
21
Q
Medical management
Otitis media
A
- Topicals
- Systemic drugs
22
Q
Ear cleansers that inhibit microorganisms
A
- Tris-EDTA
- Chlorhexidine
- Ketoconazole
- Acetic Acid
23
Q
Ear cleansers
Ceruminolytic
A
Squalene
propylene glycol
24
Q
Always treat with topical treatments +/- systemic….
A
otitis fucking media I think
25
Duration of Tx for OM
miminum of 6-8 weeks
26
Therapy for OM staph
antibiotics for MSSP
* 99% pseudintermedius
* cephalexin
* simplicef
* clavamox
* clindamycin
27
Therapy for OM
Rod-shaped bacteria
* pathogens
* Pseudomonas
* corynebacterium
* e. coli
* p. mirabilis
* systemic therapy
* enrofloxacin
* ciprofloxicin
* marbofloxicin
\*choice should be based on C and S
28
therapy for OM
Malassezia
* systemic
* ketoconazole
* Itraconazole
* Fluconazole
29
Follow up for OM
* Recheck every 2 weeks
* look for constant improvement
30
Summary OM
* Otitis is NOT a disease
* treat secondary factors
* Look for and treat primary factors
* Reduce perpectuating factors
* DX not easy
* Culture when necessary
