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Dermatology > Lecture: Intro > Flashcards

Lecture: Intro Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Approach to clinical cases

A
  • Signalment
  • History: Take good notes
  • Physical examination
  • List of problems and differential diagnoses
  • Diagnostic tests
  • Therapy
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2
Q

History

A
  • Onset
  • Length of time of disease
  • Seasonality
  • Relatives
  • Zoonosis
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3
Q

History of Medications

A
  • Antibiotics?
    • dose
    • duration
    • response
    • alone or with glucocorticoids
  • flea control
  • topical therapy
  • special diet
  • supplements
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4
Q

Physical exam

A
  • look for primary lesions
  • may need to clip area
  • Prurities (on a scale of 1-10)
  • Look for fleas, flea dirt
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5
Q

Primary lesions

A
  • Macule
  • Papule
  • Plaque
  • Pustule
  • Vesicle
  • Bulla
  • Nodule
  • Wheal
  • Tumor
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6
Q

Macule

A
  • altered skin color, no elevation
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7
Q
A

Macules

Can be dark spots as well

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8
Q

Papule

A
  • Solid raised lesion
  • distinct borders
  • less than 1 cm in diameter
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9
Q
A
  • Papule
  • raised and itchy
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10
Q

Plaque

A
  • Elevated lesion with a flattened top greater than 10mm in size
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11
Q
A
  • Plaque
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12
Q

Pustule

A
  • Elevations villed with pus
  • common in
    • bacterial infections
    • inflammatory skin diseases
  • Follicular vs non follicular
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13
Q

DDX for papular/pustular eruption

Follicular

A
  • Demodex
  • Dermatophytes
  • Bacterial: Staphylococcus
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14
Q

DDX for papular/pustular eruption

Non follicular

A
  • Flea
  • Food
  • Contact
  • Scabies
  • Drug eruption
  • Dermatomyositis
  • Sterile pustular diseases
  • Autoimmune
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15
Q
A

Papular/pustular eruption

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16
Q

Vesicle

A
  • Small, clear fluid-filled blister
    • less than 1 mm in diameter
    • possible causes
      • acute contact dermatitis
      • some autoimmune skin diseases
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17
Q
A
  • Vesicle
18
Q

Bulla

A
  • Clear fluid-filled blister > 10mm in diameter
  • common causes
    • burns
    • contact dermatitis
    • drug reactions
    • autoimmune diseases
19
Q

Nodule

A
  • Firm lesions that extend into the dermis or subcutaneous tissue
20
Q
A
  • Nodule
21
Q

Tumor

A
  • Swelling or enlargement
  • Usually, not always neoplastic
22
Q
A
  • Tumor
23
Q

Wheal (Hive)

A
  • Sharply circumscribed skin elevation from superficial dermis edema
  • typical of allergic reactions
  • illustrates diascopy: lesion disappears when you press on it
24
Q

Secondary lesions

A
  • epidermal collarettes
  • scale
  • crust
  • scar
  • ulcer
  • excoriation
  • lichenification
  • hyperpigmentation
  • hyperkeratosis
25
Q

Epidermal collarettes

A
  • Secondary lesions developed from previous pustules
26
Q
A

Epidermal collarette

27
Q

Scale

A
  • Flake of abnormal or compacted epithelial cells
28
Q

Crust

A
  • Dried exudate (scab)
    • leukocytes
    • bacteria (common)
29
Q

Scar

A
  • Fibrotic area resulting from healing of a wound or lesion (deep to dermis, I think)
  • Typically associated with
    • alopecia
    • depigmentation
    • thinner dermis
30
Q

Ulcer

A
  • Loss of substance on a cutaneous surface exposing inner layers or tissues
  • May imply full thickness loss of epidermis
31
Q
A
  • ulcer
32
Q

Excoriations

A
  • Superficial erosion (doesn’t get deep to dermis)
  • usually implies scratching or abrasion
33
Q

Lichenification

A
  • Thickening of skin
  • secondary to trauma/inflammation
  • indicated chronicity
  • can be accompanied by hyperpigmentation
34
Q
A

Lichenification

35
Q

Hyperpigmentation

A
  • Increased pigmentation
  • commonly associated wtih lichenification
36
Q

Hyperkeratosis

A
  • Thickening of stratum corneum due to increased number of keratinized cells
  • Typically occurs in footpads
37
Q

Depigmentation

A
  • Loss of pigmentation
  • typical of inflammatory/neoplastic processes affecting the basement membrane
38
Q
A

Salivary staining

39
Q

Skin scraping

A
  • Superficial
  • Deep
40
Q

Direct microscopic exam

A
  • Useful to detect arthrospores
41
Q

Cytology

A
  • Useful to dx secondary infections
    • skin
      • tape
      • swab
    • ear
      • swab
  • Fine needle aspirates of masses
42
Q

Malassezia does not respond to

A

steroids

Dermatology (22 decks)

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