Lecture: Dermatophytosis Flashcards
1
Q
anamorph state
Dogs and Cats
A
- microsporum canis
- microsporum gypseum
- trichophyton mentagrophytes
- microsporum persicolor
2
Q
anamorph state
horses
A
trychopyton equinum
3
Q
anamorph state
cattle
A
trichophyton verrucosum
4
Q
anamorph state
pigs
A
microsporum nanum
5
Q
M. Canis
Reservoir
A
cats
6
Q
M. gypseum
reservoir
A
soil
7
Q
T. mentagrophytes
reservoir
A
rodents, rabbits, pocket pets
8
Q
Dermatophytosis
Predisposing factors
A
- lack/decreased grooming
- presence of microtrauma
- excessive hydration/maceration
- warm temp and humidity
- lack of sun exposure
- strong cell-mediated immunity
9
Q
Persians and himalayans
A
- can be predisposed
- asymptomatic carriers
10
Q
Dermatophytosis
CS
A
- variable
- absent to moderate pruritus
- muzzle and feets
11
Q
alopecia in dermatophytosis
A
can be very well demarcated
12
Q
Dermatophytosis horses
A
skin lesions around saddle and tack areas
pruritus
13
Q
Dermatophytosis cattle
CS
A
- severe scaling crusting
- pain and pruritus variable
14
Q
Kerion
A
- Well circumscribed nodular mass
- folliculitis to furunculotis
- face, muzzle, feet
15
Q
Dermatophytosis
DDX
A
- parasitic diseases
- allergies
- pemphigus foliaceus
- keratinization defects
16
Q
Dermatophytosis
DX
A
- Wood’s lamp exam
- trichogram evaluation
- culture with microscopic ID
17
Q
fungal culture
A
- DTM
- dermatophytes turn culture red in conjuction with growth
- comtaminants do this too, but not in conjunction with growth
18
Q
mackenzie technique
A
- tooth brush entire animal (5 minutes….)
- place tooth brush in medium
19
Q
Dermatophytosis
TX considerations
A
- eliminate infection from host
- prevent dissemination
- spores can persist in environment for 18 months
- removal of spores from environment
- dz is zoonotic
- healthy animals can self-cure in 12-17 weeks
20
Q
dermatophytosis
Therapeutic options
A
- systemic therapy
- topical therapy
- environmental therapy
- treat all animals in contact (just like scabies)
21
Q
Dermatophytosis
topical therapy
A
- ketaconazole
- miconazole
- chlorhexidine
- lyme sulfur
*clipping hair vs not clipping hair
22
Q
dermatophytosis
systemic therapy
A
- ketaconazole
- Itraconazole
- Fluconazole
- Terbinafine
- Griseofulvin
23
Q
griseofulvin
A
- fungistatic
- cheap
- eat with fatty meal
- only effective against dermatophytes (NOT YEAST)
- Side effects
- V/GI
- bone marrow suppresion
- viruses contraindicated (check FIV, FeLV)
- teratogenic
24
Q
ketoconazole
A
- fungistatic
- take with fatty meal
- don’t use with H2 antagonists
- good efficacy against
- M. canis
- T. mentagrophytes
- malassezia
- Side effects
- V/diarrhea
- inc liver enzymes (not assoc with clinical signs)
- intereferes with cytochrome P450
- tolerated by dogs
- probs not great in cats
- Not in pregnant animals
25
Itraconazole
* fungistatic (low doses)
* fungicidal (high doses)
* preferred for feline fungal infections
* take with fattty meal
* expensive
* side effects
* uncommon
* not recommended with dogs with vasculitis or preggos
26
fluconazole
* fungistatic
* broad antimycotic spectrum
* little hepatic metabolism
* recommended in patients with liver disease
27
terbinafine
* fungicidal
* pulse therapy
* few side effects
* no P450 stuff
28
environmental decontamination
* Swiffer/vacuum
* Detergent
* Bleach
* Enilconazole
\*wash everything twice
29
duration of therapy
* no growth on two sequential weekly cultures
* finalized after 14 days
* or 2 negative cultures one month apart
30
Onychomycosis
| (infection of the nails)
* prognosis for cure is guarded (tx 6-12 months) if at all
* Itraconazole and terbinafine are best agents
* stay in keratinized tissue
31
Large animal therapy
* Infections usually self limiting
* exposure to sun helps
* topical therapy
* lyme sulfur (till 2 weeks past clinical cure)
