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Dermatology > Lecture: bacterial skin diseases > Flashcards

Lecture: bacterial skin diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Bacteria on skin classified into

A
  • residents
    • multiply
  • transients
    • do not multiply
  • pathogens
    • s. pseudintermedius
    • s. schleiferi
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2
Q

Most mild skin infections located in

A

the inguinal area

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3
Q

99.9 % of skin infections in dogs are

A

bacterial, usually staph

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4
Q

species that normally have s. aureus

A

horses

cats

humans

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5
Q

porcine skin flora

A

staph hyicus

-can be transmitted to people

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6
Q

Physical defense mechanisms

A
  • hairs, turnover of stratum corneum
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7
Q

Biggest guns we have

A
  • fluoroquinalones: baytril
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8
Q

Pyoderma

A
  • Pus in skin (bacterial infection within the skin)
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9
Q

Most instances of pyoderma are primary, or secondary?

A

secondary

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10
Q

classifications of pyoderma

A
  • Primary vs Secondary
  • Site
  • Pathogen
  • Depth
    • surface
    • superficial
    • deep
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11
Q

Surface pyoderma

A
  • pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot spot)
  • Skin fold pyoderma (intertrigo)
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12
Q

underlying causes of surface pyoderma

A
  1. flea allergy
  2. ectoparasites
  3. allergic skin diseases
  4. anal sac diseases
  5. otitis externa
  6. contact
  7. ocular
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13
Q

common area for hotspots

A
  • face
  • rump
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14
Q

Folliculities (little red dots) on edge of hot spot =

A

must treat with systemic antibiotics

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15
Q

Hot spots topical treatment

A
  • clip area
  • clean area
  • topical astringents (NO CREAMS OR OINTMENTS)
  • break itch cycle (oral pred)
  • +/- systemic AB
  • identify and correct underlying cause
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16
Q

Skin fold pyo may be a combo of pathogens

A
  • yeast
  • bacteria

*do cytology to see if it is yeast in addition to bacteria

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17
Q

Steroid admin in sharpes will

A

shrink skin folds (decreases mucin)

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18
Q

low pH is bad for

A

bacteria

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19
Q

skin fold pyo therapy

A
  • medical
    • cleaning
    • wipes (50/50 white vinegar and water)
  • surgery
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20
Q

superficial pyoderma

A
  • deeper than surface pyoderma
  • pustules present in stratum corneum or inside hair follicles
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21
Q

most common manifestation of bacterial skin infection see in practice

A

folliculitis

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22
Q

impetigo

A
  • subcorneal pustules in glabrous areas
  • not contagious like in human dz
  • seen in puppies
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23
Q

Impetigo dx

A
  • signalment and clinical signs
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24
Q

Impetigo TX

A
  • Topical therapy
  • Ensure clean environment
  • Severe or persistent cases may need antibiotics
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25
Benzo peroxide
* human products 5-10 % * dog products 2.5 % \*human skin greasier than dog skin. Human products will irritate dog skin
26
FOLLICULITIS (TEST QUESTION)
* Bacteria: staph * Deodex * Dermatophyte
27
Primary lesions of furunculosis
* papules * pustules * Erythematous macules
28
Secondary lesions of furunculosis
* circular crusts * collarettes * focal scale * alopecia * hyperpigmented macules
29
rancid odor and skin disease can be
yeast or staph
30
Distribution of pyoderma is primarily | (ie distribution of staph infections)
* Truncal
31
If you suspect demodex do...
* deep skin scraping * if properly done, negative tests can rule out demodex
32
Adult cigar shaped things on skn scrapings
demodex
33
Diagnosis
* clinical signs * always r/o other causes of folliculitis * skin scrapings * cytology * culture * biopsy * response to Rx
34
Therapy
* Antiobiotics (3-4 weeks) * Topical therapy * Identify and correct underlying cause
35
Equine folliculitis
* staph * dermatophilus congolensis
36
Dermatophilosis
* Gram + aerobic, or facultative anaerobe * actinomycete * common * organisms in crust * zoonotic
37
3 imp factors for infection
* chronic carriers * zoospores resist drying at 100 deg C * survives in scabs for 42 months * moisture, rain, sweating * break in skin integrity * trauma, ectoparasites
38
secondary effect of dermatophilus
photosensitizing
39
dermatophilosis DX
* cytology * railroad tracks
40
Dermatophilosis TX
* Ususally self-limiting * remove from rain * Topical * benzoyl peroxide and chlorahexidine shampoo * Systemic * AB for minimum of 2 weeks * TMP-sulfa (oral) * Penicillin (injectible)
41
Things that don't treat dermatophilus
iodine
42
Penicillin doesn't work for....
canine staph
43
Staphylococcal Folliculitis/Furunculosis
* staph aureus * complication of most pruritic diseases * no breed, age predilection
44
staphylococcal Folliculitis/Furunculosis 3 main syndromes
* Trunk * Tail * Pastern
45
Truncal Folliculitis | (Heat rash, saddle rash)
* Painful papulonodular eruption * Saddle areas & can spread * horse may be non-compliant
46
Tail pyoderma
* pustules in dorsal area of tail * induced by tail rubbing * pruritic * increases self induced trauma
47
Pigs
* Exudative Epidermitis * S. hyicus * toxins absorbed: liver and kidney dz * Suckling pigs
48
Pigs and crusty dermatitis
* Mites (pigs often get mites) * do cytology and scraping in case you need to treat staph and mites
49
Deep pyoderma
* Furuncolosis * Abscess/cellulitis/panniculitis
50
Furunculosis
* Hair fllicles rupture and infection spreads to dermis * infection may be mixed * Need antibiotics so they don't get systemic infection and sepsis
51
Furunculosis CS
* Ulcers * Fistulous tracts * Pustules / Bulla * Cellulitis
52
Localized furunculosis
* can be from demodex * can be on face / chin * pressure point pyoderma
53
Acral lick dermatitis
* treat like deep pyo * give AB * Then look for underlying disease
54
German Shepherds prone to
deep Pyoderma
55
A dog with deep pyoderma DX
* R/O Demodex * Cytology * Culture * Biopsy * Response to AB
56
length of AB for superficial pyoderma
3-4 weeks (7-10 days after resolution of clinical signs)
57
Dog with lesions on the face, and/or lesions on the feet
ALWAYS HAVE TO SCRAPE
58
Deep pyo TX
* Antibiotics * Topical therapy * Underlying cause * Immunotherapy * AVOID STEROIDS
59
Deep pyo lenth of AB
* At least 2 months * Choice of AB based on CULTURE/SENSITIVITY, cost and safety
60
Try to match your (dx tools)...
Culture with cytology | (always do both)
61
Abscesses
* Result of trauma/wounds/foreign bodies * common in male cats * Pasteurella * Establish drainage * Systemic AB (e.g., Clavamox)
62
Persistent pyo/staph infection
comes back after two weeks
63
Recurrent staphy/pyo
comes back after 2 months
64
Recurrent staph pyo
* recurrent vs persistent * inappropriate therapy * look for underlying cause
65
underlying cause of recurrent staph/pyo
* Demodex * Dermatophyte * Atopy * Endocrine/metabolic * Immunodeficiency * Physical causes
66
Juvenile Pyoderma (Canine Juvenile Cellulitis) is not really....
not really an infection ## Footnote \*aka puppy strangles
67
Juvenile pyo CS
* Typically young puppies (sometimes young adults also) * Edema: face, lips, pinna * Pustules * Lymphadenopathy * Fever * Depression
68
Top DDX for puppy with swollen face, swollen lymph nodes
1. Puppy strangles TX: steroids 2. Demodex TX: **do not give steroids**
69
about puppy strangles
1. Idiopathic disease 2. Not a real infection 3. Immune-mediated response 4. **rule out demodex**
70
Puppy strangles TX
* Glucocorticoids at high doses * prednisone 2-2.2 mg/kg for 7-10 days * taper over 3 weeks * relapses are possible * Common to use AB to cover for secondary infections

Dermatology (22 decks)

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