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Dermatology > Lecture: bacterial skin diseases > Flashcards

Lecture: bacterial skin diseases Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Bacteria on skin classified into

A
  • residents
    • multiply
  • transients
    • do not multiply
  • pathogens
    • s. pseudintermedius
    • s. schleiferi
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2
Q

Most mild skin infections located in

A

the inguinal area

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3
Q

99.9 % of skin infections in dogs are

A

bacterial, usually staph

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4
Q

species that normally have s. aureus

A

horses

cats

humans

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5
Q

porcine skin flora

A

staph hyicus

-can be transmitted to people

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6
Q

Physical defense mechanisms

A
  • hairs, turnover of stratum corneum
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7
Q

Biggest guns we have

A
  • fluoroquinalones: baytril
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8
Q

Pyoderma

A
  • Pus in skin (bacterial infection within the skin)
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9
Q

Most instances of pyoderma are primary, or secondary?

A

secondary

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10
Q

classifications of pyoderma

A
  • Primary vs Secondary
  • Site
  • Pathogen
  • Depth
    • surface
    • superficial
    • deep
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11
Q

Surface pyoderma

A
  • pyotraumatic dermatitis (hot spot)
  • Skin fold pyoderma (intertrigo)
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12
Q

underlying causes of surface pyoderma

A
  1. flea allergy
  2. ectoparasites
  3. allergic skin diseases
  4. anal sac diseases
  5. otitis externa
  6. contact
  7. ocular
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13
Q

common area for hotspots

A
  • face
  • rump
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14
Q

Folliculities (little red dots) on edge of hot spot =

A

must treat with systemic antibiotics

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15
Q

Hot spots topical treatment

A
  • clip area
  • clean area
  • topical astringents (NO CREAMS OR OINTMENTS)
  • break itch cycle (oral pred)
  • +/- systemic AB
  • identify and correct underlying cause
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16
Q

Skin fold pyo may be a combo of pathogens

A
  • yeast
  • bacteria

*do cytology to see if it is yeast in addition to bacteria

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17
Q

Steroid admin in sharpes will

A

shrink skin folds (decreases mucin)

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18
Q

low pH is bad for

A

bacteria

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19
Q

skin fold pyo therapy

A
  • medical
    • cleaning
    • wipes (50/50 white vinegar and water)
  • surgery
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20
Q

superficial pyoderma

A
  • deeper than surface pyoderma
  • pustules present in stratum corneum or inside hair follicles
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21
Q

most common manifestation of bacterial skin infection see in practice

A

folliculitis

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22
Q

impetigo

A
  • subcorneal pustules in glabrous areas
  • not contagious like in human dz
  • seen in puppies
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23
Q

Impetigo dx

A
  • signalment and clinical signs
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24
Q

Impetigo TX

A
  • Topical therapy
  • Ensure clean environment
  • Severe or persistent cases may need antibiotics
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25
Q

Benzo peroxide

A
  • human products 5-10 %
  • dog products 2.5 %

*human skin greasier than dog skin. Human products will irritate dog skin

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26
Q

FOLLICULITIS (TEST QUESTION)

A
  • Bacteria: staph
  • Deodex
  • Dermatophyte
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27
Q

Primary lesions of furunculosis

A
  • papules
  • pustules
  • Erythematous macules
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28
Q

Secondary lesions of furunculosis

A
  • circular crusts
  • collarettes
  • focal scale
  • alopecia
  • hyperpigmented macules
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29
Q

rancid odor and skin disease can be

A

yeast or staph

30
Q

Distribution of pyoderma is primarily

(ie distribution of staph infections)

A
  • Truncal
31
Q

If you suspect demodex do…

A
  • deep skin scraping
    • if properly done, negative tests can rule out demodex
32
Q

Adult cigar shaped things on skn scrapings

A

demodex

33
Q

Diagnosis

A
  • clinical signs
  • always r/o other causes of folliculitis
    • skin scrapings
  • cytology
  • culture
  • biopsy
  • response to Rx
34
Q

Therapy

A
  • Antiobiotics (3-4 weeks)
  • Topical therapy
  • Identify and correct underlying cause
35
Q

Equine folliculitis

A
  • staph
  • dermatophilus congolensis
36
Q

Dermatophilosis

A
  • Gram + aerobic, or facultative anaerobe
  • actinomycete
  • common
  • organisms in crust
  • zoonotic
37
Q

3 imp factors for infection

A
  • chronic carriers
    • zoospores resist drying at 100 deg C
    • survives in scabs for 42 months
  • moisture, rain, sweating
  • break in skin integrity
    • trauma, ectoparasites
38
Q

secondary effect of dermatophilus

A

photosensitizing

39
Q

dermatophilosis

DX

A
  • cytology
    • railroad tracks
40
Q

Dermatophilosis TX

A
  • Ususally self-limiting
  • remove from rain
  • Topical
    • benzoyl peroxide and chlorahexidine shampoo
  • Systemic
    • AB for minimum of 2 weeks
      • TMP-sulfa (oral)
      • Penicillin (injectible)
41
Q

Things that don’t treat dermatophilus

A

iodine

42
Q

Penicillin doesn’t work for….

A

canine staph

43
Q

Staphylococcal Folliculitis/Furunculosis

A
  • staph aureus
  • complication of most pruritic diseases
  • no breed, age predilection
44
Q

staphylococcal Folliculitis/Furunculosis

3 main syndromes

A
  • Trunk
  • Tail
  • Pastern
45
Q

Truncal Folliculitis

(Heat rash, saddle rash)

A
  • Painful papulonodular eruption
  • Saddle areas & can spread
  • horse may be non-compliant
46
Q

Tail pyoderma

A
  • pustules in dorsal area of tail
  • induced by tail rubbing
  • pruritic
  • increases self induced trauma
47
Q

Pigs

A
  • Exudative Epidermitis
    • S. hyicus
    • toxins absorbed: liver and kidney dz
  • Suckling pigs
48
Q

Pigs and crusty dermatitis

A
  • Mites (pigs often get mites)
    • do cytology and scraping in case you need to treat staph and mites
49
Q

Deep pyoderma

A
  • Furuncolosis
  • Abscess/cellulitis/panniculitis
50
Q

Furunculosis

A
  • Hair fllicles rupture and infection spreads to dermis
  • infection may be mixed
  • Need antibiotics so they don’t get systemic infection and sepsis
51
Q

Furunculosis

CS

A
  • Ulcers
  • Fistulous tracts
  • Pustules / Bulla
  • Cellulitis
52
Q

Localized furunculosis

A
  • can be from demodex
  • can be on face / chin
  • pressure point pyoderma
53
Q

Acral lick dermatitis

A
  • treat like deep pyo
  • give AB
  • Then look for underlying disease
54
Q

German Shepherds prone to

A

deep Pyoderma

55
Q

A dog with deep pyoderma

DX

A
  • R/O Demodex
  • Cytology
  • Culture
  • Biopsy
  • Response to AB
56
Q

length of AB for superficial pyoderma

A

3-4 weeks

(7-10 days after resolution of clinical signs)

57
Q

Dog with lesions on the face, and/or lesions on the feet

A

ALWAYS HAVE TO SCRAPE

58
Q

Deep pyo TX

A
  • Antibiotics
  • Topical therapy
  • Underlying cause
  • Immunotherapy
  • AVOID STEROIDS
59
Q

Deep pyo lenth of AB

A
  • At least 2 months
  • Choice of AB based on CULTURE/SENSITIVITY, cost and safety
60
Q

Try to match your (dx tools)…

A

Culture with cytology

(always do both)

61
Q

Abscesses

A
  • Result of trauma/wounds/foreign bodies
  • common in male cats
    • Pasteurella
  • Establish drainage
  • Systemic AB (e.g., Clavamox)
62
Q

Persistent pyo/staph infection

A

comes back after two weeks

63
Q

Recurrent staphy/pyo

A

comes back after 2 months

64
Q

Recurrent staph pyo

A
  • recurrent vs persistent
  • inappropriate therapy
  • look for underlying cause
65
Q

underlying cause of recurrent staph/pyo

A
  • Demodex
  • Dermatophyte
  • Atopy
  • Endocrine/metabolic
  • Immunodeficiency
  • Physical causes
66
Q

Juvenile Pyoderma (Canine Juvenile Cellulitis) is not really….

A

not really an infection

*aka puppy strangles

67
Q

Juvenile pyo

CS

A
  • Typically young puppies (sometimes young adults also)
  • Edema: face, lips, pinna
  • Pustules
  • Lymphadenopathy
  • Fever
  • Depression
68
Q

Top DDX for puppy with swollen face, swollen lymph nodes

A
  1. Puppy strangles TX: steroids
  2. Demodex TX: do not give steroids
69
Q

about puppy strangles

A
  1. Idiopathic disease
  2. Not a real infection
  3. Immune-mediated response
  4. rule out demodex
70
Q

Puppy strangles TX

A
  • Glucocorticoids at high doses
    • prednisone 2-2.2 mg/kg for 7-10 days
    • taper over 3 weeks
    • relapses are possible
  • Common to use AB to cover for secondary infections

Dermatology (22 decks)

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