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R's Biology 1 > Lecture Exam 4 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 4 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Biosphere

A

thin outer later of the Earth capable of supporting life (one big ecosystem)

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2
Q

What are the three “-spheres” that makes up the biosphere

A

Hydro- water
Litho- rocky layer
Atmo-gases and airborne particles (can include bacteria)

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3
Q

What kind of factors can affect climate?

A

Solar radiation, earths rotation/path around the sun, distribution of land masses
Elevation
Soil composition
Winds or currents

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4
Q

Biome

A

Vast regions of land and water characterized by habitat conditions and community structure (vegetation and salinity)

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5
Q

How are Biomes named/defined?

A

By the dominant vegetation in that area
or the salinity of that area

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6
Q

Distinctive biomes prevail at certain _____ and _____

A

Distinctive biomes prevail at certain LATITUTES and ELEVATIONS

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7
Q

What is Ecocline

A

indistinct boundaries where the dominant plants of adjacent biomes are mixed

aka-the transition between different biomes

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8
Q

Which type of Biome are characterized by the types of vegetation

A

Terrestrial Biomes

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9
Q

Which type of Biome are characterized by their abiotic factors, primarily salinity and water flow

A

Aquatic Biomes

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10
Q

What are the two types of Aquatic Biomes

A

Marine- has 3% salt concentration
Freshwater- less than 1% salt concentration

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11
Q

This will be on the test!

A
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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Arctic Tundra
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

Latitudes/Location - high latitudes greater than 65 N, Alaska, Canada, Greenland
Temperature/Rainfall- Long cold winters, short cool summers, Less than 10 inches rain
Plants: Dwarf willow, birch, grasses, mosses
Animals: Lemmings, caribou, musk-oxen, arctic foxes

Extra Facts- Permafrost layer that prevents roots from penetrating soil

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14
Q

Alpine Tundra

A

High elevation/high altitude, below snow caps
No permafrost
Plants are low cushions or mats like the arctic tundra

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15
Q

Coniferous Forests-Taiga
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

high latitudes between 50-65 N
Canada
Long cold winters and short warm summers
8-30 inches of rain
Plants: Cone bearing (conifer) trees like fir, spruces, pine
Animals: Bears, elk, foxes

Largest biome in the world.

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16
Q

Coniferous Forests- Temperate Rainforest
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

Similar to Taiga
Old growth forests in the Pacific Northwest
<100 inches rainfall
Plants: Sequoias, redwoods
Animal: Deer, moose, elk, wolves, bears

20% of our photosynthesis comes from coniferous forests

17
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forests
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

Latitude 30-55 N, Missouri is becoming deciduous forest
Well defined season
Long growing seasons
30-60 inches of rain year round
Plant: oak, maple, shrubs
Animal: Mice, deer, red fox, raccoons

Trees form closed canopy, lose their leaves each year, Does not include tip of Florida

18
Q

Grasslands
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

Latitudes 30-55 N and 15-30 S- Missouri is technically grasslands
Cold winters, hot summers, long growing season
10-35 inches of rain
Plants: short and tall grasses, herbs- soil is nutrient rich
Animals: Bison, jackrabbits, prairie dogs, coyotes, ferrets

Extreme Climate changes because lesser rain fall: Strong winds, draught, and fires
Must sustain large grazing herds
Great for Agriculture but endangered around the world, <1% left
Largest biome in North America

19
Q

Two types of grasslands

A
20
Q

Chaparral and Dry Woodlands
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

Latitudes 30-40 N
California
Mild winters and hot dry summers
25-60 Centimeters of rain- unpredictable rain
Plant: shrub, oak, eucalyptus
Animal: Jackrabbit, mule, deer, rodent, coyote

Vegetation is stunted, eucalyptus is highly flammable, has an open canopy

21
Q

Deserts
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

Latitude 30 N and 30 S, Mexico, Africa
Mild winters, hot dry summers
10-25 Centimeter of unpredictable rain
Plant: Cacti, scarce vegetation
Animal: Mule deer, jackrabbit, kangaroo rats, turkey, reptiles

Temp can vary drastically (Sonoran desert hot, gobi desert freezing) Dried out landscape

22
Q

What designates a desert?

A

The amount of rainfall, NOT the temperature.
ex: Gobi desert is freezing

23
Q

Tropical Forests
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

23 N and 23 S-Equatorial
Warm year round-little fluctuation in temp but very high humidity
Lots of rain 80-400 inches, constant
Plants: epiphytes
Animals: Live in trees

Poor nutrient soil due to rapid recycling, Home to greatest biodiversity, Includes the tip of Florida

24
Q

Epiphyte

A

plants that grow on other plants
ex: a small bush growing on a branch

25
Q

What are two freshwater biomes that have standing water?
What are two freshwater biomes that have flowing water?

A

Standing: Lakes and ponds
Flowing: Rivers and streams

26
Q

What are wetlands

A

where terrestrial and aquatic biomes meet up

27
Q

Freshwater biomes contain _____% NaCl.

A

Less than 1% NaCl

28
Q

What are Intertidal zones?

A

where ocean meets land.
can be rocky or sandy.

Animals here experience daily fluctuations between marine and terrestrial, tend to have an exoskeleton for protection

29
Q

What are Estuaries?

A

where freshwater and saltwater meet.
Few animals reside here.

30
Q

What is the benthic zone?

A

Light is able to penetrate, shallow waters. 98% of aquatic organisms live here

31
Q

What is the pelagic zone?

A

“Open Ocean”, only 2% of aquatic organisms live here.

32
Q

What is found in the Rocky subtidal zone?

A

Kelp forest and coral reef
Photic- Light must penetrate
Symbiotic relationships allows for biodiversity

33
Q

Nearshore soft sediments

A

intertidal and subtidal environments
This region includes Beaches, marshes, seagrass beds, mangrove communities

34
Q

Deep sea sediments

A

Aphotic zone of the ocean. Very little life found here. What life there is, must use bioluminescence and evolved to eat very little and have little pigment.

R's Biology 1 (8 decks)

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