Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

R's Biology 1 > Lecture Exam 4 > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Biosphere

A

thin outer later of the Earth capable of supporting life (one big ecosystem)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the three “-spheres” that makes up the biosphere

A

Hydro- water
Litho- rocky layer
Atmo-gases and airborne particles (can include bacteria)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What kind of factors can affect climate?

A

Solar radiation, earths rotation/path around the sun, distribution of land masses
Elevation
Soil composition
Winds or currents

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Biome

A

Vast regions of land and water characterized by habitat conditions and community structure (vegetation and salinity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How are Biomes named/defined?

A

By the dominant vegetation in that area
or the salinity of that area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Distinctive biomes prevail at certain _____ and _____

A

Distinctive biomes prevail at certain LATITUTES and ELEVATIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is Ecocline

A

indistinct boundaries where the dominant plants of adjacent biomes are mixed

aka-the transition between different biomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which type of Biome are characterized by the types of vegetation

A

Terrestrial Biomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which type of Biome are characterized by their abiotic factors, primarily salinity and water flow

A

Aquatic Biomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the two types of Aquatic Biomes

A

Marine- has 3% salt concentration
Freshwater- less than 1% salt concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

This will be on the test!

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Arctic Tundra
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

Latitudes/Location - high latitudes greater than 65 N, Alaska, Canada, Greenland
Temperature/Rainfall- Long cold winters, short cool summers, Less than 10 inches rain
Plants: Dwarf willow, birch, grasses, mosses
Animals: Lemmings, caribou, musk-oxen, arctic foxes

Extra Facts- Permafrost layer that prevents roots from penetrating soil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Alpine Tundra

A

High elevation/high altitude, below snow caps
No permafrost
Plants are low cushions or mats like the arctic tundra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Coniferous Forests-Taiga
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

high latitudes between 50-65 N
Canada
Long cold winters and short warm summers
8-30 inches of rain
Plants: Cone bearing (conifer) trees like fir, spruces, pine
Animals: Bears, elk, foxes

Largest biome in the world.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Coniferous Forests- Temperate Rainforest
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

Similar to Taiga
Old growth forests in the Pacific Northwest
<100 inches rainfall
Plants: Sequoias, redwoods
Animal: Deer, moose, elk, wolves, bears

20% of our photosynthesis comes from coniferous forests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Temperate Deciduous Forests
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

Latitude 30-55 N, Missouri is becoming deciduous forest
Well defined season
Long growing seasons
30-60 inches of rain year round
Plant: oak, maple, shrubs
Animal: Mice, deer, red fox, raccoons

Trees form closed canopy, lose their leaves each year, Does not include tip of Florida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Grasslands
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

Latitudes 30-55 N and 15-30 S- Missouri is technically grasslands
Cold winters, hot summers, long growing season
10-35 inches of rain
Plants: short and tall grasses, herbs- soil is nutrient rich
Animals: Bison, jackrabbits, prairie dogs, coyotes, ferrets

Extreme Climate changes because lesser rain fall: Strong winds, draught, and fires
Must sustain large grazing herds
Great for Agriculture but endangered around the world, <1% left
Largest biome in North America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Two types of grasslands

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Chaparral and Dry Woodlands
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

Latitudes 30-40 N
California
Mild winters and hot dry summers
25-60 Centimeters of rain- unpredictable rain
Plant: shrub, oak, eucalyptus
Animal: Jackrabbit, mule, deer, rodent, coyote

Vegetation is stunted, eucalyptus is highly flammable, has an open canopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Deserts
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

Latitude 30 N and 30 S, Mexico, Africa
Mild winters, hot dry summers
10-25 Centimeter of unpredictable rain
Plant: Cacti, scarce vegetation
Animal: Mule deer, jackrabbit, kangaroo rats, turkey, reptiles

Temp can vary drastically (Sonoran desert hot, gobi desert freezing) Dried out landscape

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What designates a desert?

A

The amount of rainfall, NOT the temperature.
ex: Gobi desert is freezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Tropical Forests
Latitudes/Location
Temperature/Rainfall
Plants:
Animals:

Extra Facts

A

23 N and 23 S-Equatorial
Warm year round-little fluctuation in temp but very high humidity
Lots of rain 80-400 inches, constant
Plants: epiphytes
Animals: Live in trees

Poor nutrient soil due to rapid recycling, Home to greatest biodiversity, Includes the tip of Florida

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Epiphyte

A

plants that grow on other plants
ex: a small bush growing on a branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are two freshwater biomes that have standing water?
What are two freshwater biomes that have flowing water?

A

Standing: Lakes and ponds
Flowing: Rivers and streams

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are wetlands

A

where terrestrial and aquatic biomes meet up

27
Q

Freshwater biomes contain _____% NaCl.

A

Less than 1% NaCl

28
Q

What are Intertidal zones?

A

where ocean meets land.
can be rocky or sandy.

Animals here experience daily fluctuations between marine and terrestrial, tend to have an exoskeleton for protection

29
Q

What are Estuaries?

A

where freshwater and saltwater meet.
Few animals reside here.

30
Q

What is the benthic zone?

A

Light is able to penetrate, shallow waters. 98% of aquatic organisms live here

31
Q

What is the pelagic zone?

A

“Open Ocean”, only 2% of aquatic organisms live here.

32
Q

What is found in the Rocky subtidal zone?

A

Kelp forest and coral reef
Photic- Light must penetrate
Symbiotic relationships allows for biodiversity

33
Q

Nearshore soft sediments

A

intertidal and subtidal environments
This region includes Beaches, marshes, seagrass beds, mangrove communities

34
Q

Marshes
Seagrass
Mangrove Trees

A

Marshes are important sources of organic Matter
Seagrass beds colonize newly deposited Sediments
Mangrove Trees Grow in submerged soft sediments

35
Q

Deep sea sediments

A

Aphotic zone of the ocean. Very little life found here. What life there is, must use bioluminescence and evolved to eat very little and have little pigment.

36
Q

Conservational biology integrates _____,______,______,______, and ______

A

ecology, physiology, molecular biology, genetics, and evolutionary biology. All division must work together to see a change

37
Q

What are the three levels of Biodiversity

A

Ecosystem diversity
Species diversity
Genetic diversity

38
Q

Ecosystem diversity

A

The number of ecosystems on Earth.
Extinction of populations of one species can have negative impacts on other species in the ecosystem.

39
Q

Species Diversity

A

The number of species in an ecosystem or across the biosphere.
Endangered and threatened species are of particular concern

40
Q

Genetic diversity

A

Genetic variation within a population as well as between populations.
Differences are associated with adaptations to local conditions

41
Q

What is Biophilia

A

the sense of connection humans have with nature and all forms of life

42
Q

What are some ways an ecosystem naturally sustains human life?

A

Purify our air and water
Detoxify and decompose our wastes
Reduce the impacts of extreme weather
Organisms pollinate crop, control pests, and preserve soils

43
Q

As human activities reduce biodiversity, we ________

A

..are reducing the capacity of the plant’s ecosystem to perform processes critical to our own survival

44
Q

What are the four major threats to biodiversity

A

Habitat loss
Introduces species
Overharvesting
Global Change

45
Q

What is the single greatest threat to biodiversity?

A

Habitat loss- due to logging, agriculture, mining, urban development…

46
Q

What are introduced species?

A

invasive, or non native, species that humans move intentionally or accidentally from the species native location
Ex: cats to America, kudzu and honeysuckle to missouri

47
Q

When overharvesting occurs, what is the greatest risk?

A

Overharvesting leads to population decline which leads to decrease in genetic diversity. This leads to endangered species.

48
Q

Burning wood and fossil fuels release oxides of sulfur and nitrogen that react with water in the air to form sulfuric and nitric acids. This forms _________

A

Acid Rain. This has negative effects to all ecosystems

49
Q

Population conservation focuses on ____,____, and _____

A

population size, genetic diversity and critical habitat

50
Q

What is the minimum viable population size?

A

minimum viable population size is the number of individuals required for a species to sustain its numbers

51
Q

What is a critical habitat

A

areas essential to the conservation of lists species that are off limits for development.

52
Q

IF we can increase the habitat of an endangered species, what can happen?

A

The increase habitat can allow for rebound and recovery by introducing genetic variation, which increases survival rates.

53
Q

What is extinction vortex

A

a downwards population spiral in which inbreeding and genetic drift combine to cause a small population to shrink and become extinct unless it is reversed.

54
Q

habitat fragmentation

A

dividing a habitat because of roads, development, and agriculture.
Most species are negatively impacted but some can thrive in edge communities.

55
Q

Riparian habitates

A

where land connects with a river or stream and are often preserved by governments.
No one can own the water.

56
Q

Endemic species

A

species found in only one place on the planet, no where else.

57
Q

What makes a biodiversity hotspot and allows it to become a zoned reserve?

A

Must contain at least 1500 species of endemic plant species
and
have lost at least 70% of its primary vegetation

58
Q

What are the 3 types of environmental toxins

A

Industrial compounds and pesticides (fossil fuels)
Pharmaceuticals (end up in our waterways)
Plastic waste (fish eat the plastic, we eat the fish)

59
Q

Biological magnifiction

A

occurs when toxins become more concentrated as they move up the food chain, and therefore affect top level predators the most

60
Q

Greenhouse effect

A

The warming of the Earth due to the atmospheric accumulation of carbon dioxide and certain other gases, which absorb reflected infrared radiation and reradiate most of it back to Earth

61
Q

Ecosystems where the climate has changes the most are ____ and ____

A

Taiga and Tundra

Snow melts, permafrost layer thaws releasing CO2 into atmosphere- Turns a carbon sink into a carbon source

62
Q

What protects us from UV radiation?

A

Ozone (O3) layer of the atmosphere. This layer filters the UV and protects us from severe sunburns and cancers. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) are reducing the Ozone in Antarctica

63
Q
A
64
Q

Sustainable Development

A

economic development that meets the needs of people today without limiting the ability of future generations to meet their needs.

R's Biology 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions