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Anatomy > Lecture exam 3 study guide > Flashcards

Lecture exam 3 study guide Flashcards

1
Q

Where does ingestion occur?

A

The mouth

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2
Q

Where does propulsion occur?

A

Swallowing defecation

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3
Q

Where does peristalsis occur?

A

Esophagus

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4
Q

Where does digestion occur?

A

Oral Cavity
Stomach
Small intestine

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5
Q

Where does absorption occur?

A

Small intestine

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6
Q

What increases salivation?

A

Mediated by parasympathetic stimulation, ACh binds to receptors in the glands

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7
Q

What decreases salivation?

A

Dehydration and diseases

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8
Q

What do the enteroendocrine cells secrete?

A

gastrin and serotonin

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9
Q

What do the mucuous neck cells secrete?

A

gastrin

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10
Q

What do the Chief cells secrete?

A

pepsinogen

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11
Q

What do Parietal cells secrete?

A

HCl

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12
Q

What is the relation between pepsinogen and HCl?

A

Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin when introduced to the HCl

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13
Q

What occurs during the gastric phase?

A

Swallowed food activate gastric activity

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14
Q

What occurs during the cephalic phase?

A

gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion is activated by the thought, sight or smell of food

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15
Q

What hormones are found in the adrenal cortex?

A

Aldosterone, cortisol, androgens

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16
Q

What hormones are found in the adrenal medulla?

A

epinephrine/norepinephrine

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17
Q

What occurs during the intestinal phase?

A

Duodenum regulates gastric activity

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18
Q

What are the pancreatic functions?

A

Produce enzymes and hormones

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19
Q

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine?

A

exocrine glands secrete substances into a ductal system to an epithelial surface, endocrine glands secrete products directly into the bloodstream

20
Q

What is the function of the liver?

A

Filters the blood and creates bile

21
Q

What is the function of the gallbladder?

A

Stores bile produced by liver

22
Q

What travels through each structure in the portal triad?

A

Branches of the hepatic artery carry oxygenated blood to the hepatocytes, while branches of the portal vein carry blood with nutrients from the small intestine. The bile duct carries bile products away from the hepatocytes, to the larger ducts and gall bladder.

23
Q

What is the function of the small intestine?

A

breaks down food from the stomach and absorbs much of the nutrients from the food

24
Q

What is the function of the large intestine

A

to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over.

25
Q

What does fat break down into?

A

fatty acids

26
Q

What does protein break down into?

A

amino acids

27
Q

What do carbohydrates break down into?

A

glucose

28
Q

Where do carbohydrates get digested?

A

Small intestine

29
Q

Where do lipids get digested?

A

mouth and small intestine

30
Q

Where do proteins get digested?

A

Stomach

31
Q

What enzyme is meant to digest fat?

A

bile, lipase and amylase

32
Q

What enzyme is meant to digest protein?

A

pepsin

33
Q

What enzyme is meant to digest carbohydrates?

A

amylase

34
Q

How do hormones travel?

A

In the blood stream or extracellular fluid

35
Q

How do hormones know what organs to target?

A

Through the receptors in the target cells

36
Q

What is an example of neural endocrine stimuli?

A

adrenaline

37
Q

What is an example of hormonal endocrine stimuli?

A

the hypothalamus produces hormones that stimulate the anterior portion of the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary, in turn, releases hormones that regulate hormone production by other endocrine glands.

38
Q

What is an example of humoral endocrine stimuli?

A

a rise in blood glucose levels triggers the pancreatic release of insulin.

39
Q

What is the difference between the two lobes of the pituitary gland?

A

The anterior lobe produces and releases hormones. The posterior lobe does not produce hormones, but it does release them.

40
Q

What is the function of ADH?

A

controls blood pressure by acting on the kidneys

41
Q

What is the function of thyroid stimulating hormone?

A

to regulate the production of hormones by the thyroid gland.

42
Q

What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

A

controls the production of another hormone called cortisol

43
Q

What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone?

A

helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries

44
Q

What is the function of luteinizing hormone?

A

sexual development and functioning

45
Q

What is the function of prolactin?

A

promote lactation in response to the suckling stimulus

Anatomy (17 decks)

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