Lecture exam 3 study guide

Question 1

Where does ingestion occur?

Answer 1

The mouth

Question 2

Where does propulsion occur?

Answer 2

Swallowing defecation

Question 3

Where does peristalsis occur?

Answer 3

Esophagus

Question 4

Where does digestion occur?

Answer 4

Oral Cavity
Stomach
Small intestine

Question 5

Where does absorption occur?

Answer 5

Small intestine

Question 6

What increases salivation?

Answer 6

Mediated by parasympathetic stimulation, ACh binds to receptors in the glands

Question 7

What decreases salivation?

Answer 7

Dehydration and diseases

Question 8

What do the enteroendocrine cells secrete?

Answer 8

gastrin and serotonin

Question 9

What do the mucuous neck cells secrete?

Answer 9

gastrin

Question 10

What do the Chief cells secrete?

Answer 10

pepsinogen

Question 11

What do Parietal cells secrete?

Answer 11

HCl

Question 12

What is the relation between pepsinogen and HCl?

Answer 12

Pepsinogen is converted into pepsin when introduced to the HCl

Question 13

What occurs during the gastric phase?

Answer 13

Swallowed food activate gastric activity

Question 14

What occurs during the cephalic phase?

Answer 14

gastric acid and pepsinogen secretion is activated by the thought, sight or smell of food

Question 15

What hormones are found in the adrenal cortex?

Answer 15

Aldosterone, cortisol, androgens

Question 16

What hormones are found in the adrenal medulla?

Answer 16

epinephrine/norepinephrine

Question 17

What occurs during the intestinal phase?

Answer 17

Duodenum regulates gastric activity

Question 18

What are the pancreatic functions?

Answer 18

Produce enzymes and hormones

Question 19

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine?

Answer 19

exocrine glands secrete substances into a ductal system to an epithelial surface, endocrine glands secrete products directly into the bloodstream

Question 20

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 20

Filters the blood and creates bile

Question 21

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 21

Stores bile produced by liver

Question 22

What travels through each structure in the portal triad?

Answer 22

Branches of the hepatic artery carry oxygenated blood to the hepatocytes, while branches of the portal vein carry blood with nutrients from the small intestine. The bile duct carries bile products away from the hepatocytes, to the larger ducts and gall bladder.

Question 23

What is the function of the small intestine?

Answer 23

breaks down food from the stomach and absorbs much of the nutrients from the food

Question 24

What is the function of the large intestine

Answer 24

to absorb water and salts from the material that has not been digested as food, and get rid of any waste products left over.

Question 25

What does fat break down into?

Answer 25

fatty acids

Question 26

What does protein break down into?

Answer 26

amino acids

Question 27

What do carbohydrates break down into?

Answer 27

glucose

Question 28

Where do carbohydrates get digested?

Answer 28

Small intestine

Question 29

Where do lipids get digested?

Answer 29

mouth and small intestine

Question 30

Where do proteins get digested?

Answer 30

Stomach

Question 31

What enzyme is meant to digest fat?

Answer 31

bile, lipase and amylase

Question 32

What enzyme is meant to digest protein?

Answer 32

pepsin

Question 33

What enzyme is meant to digest carbohydrates?

Answer 33

amylase

Question 34

How do hormones travel?

Answer 34

In the blood stream or extracellular fluid

Question 35

How do hormones know what organs to target?

Answer 35

Through the receptors in the target cells

Question 36

What is an example of neural endocrine stimuli?

Answer 36

adrenaline

Question 37

What is an example of hormonal endocrine stimuli?

Answer 37

the hypothalamus produces hormones that stimulate the anterior portion of the pituitary gland. The anterior pituitary, in turn, releases hormones that regulate hormone production by other endocrine glands.

Question 38

What is an example of humoral endocrine stimuli?

Answer 38

a rise in blood glucose levels triggers the pancreatic release of insulin.

Question 39

What is the difference between the two lobes of the pituitary gland?

Answer 39

The anterior lobe produces and releases hormones. The posterior lobe does not produce hormones, but it does release them.

Question 40

What is the function of ADH?

Answer 40

controls blood pressure by acting on the kidneys

Question 41

What is the function of thyroid stimulating hormone?

Answer 41

to regulate the production of hormones by the thyroid gland.

Question 42

What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone?

Answer 42

controls the production of another hormone called cortisol

Question 43

What is the function of follicle stimulating hormone?

Answer 43

helps control the menstrual cycle and stimulates the growth of eggs in the ovaries

Question 44

What is the function of luteinizing hormone?

Answer 44

sexual development and functioning

Question 45

What is the function of prolactin?

Answer 45

promote lactation in response to the suckling stimulus