Bio 26 Lecture exam 2 study guide 3

Question 1

What are the mechanics of pulmonary ventilation?

Answer 1

the contraction and relaxation of muscles acts to change the volume of the thoracic cavity

Question 2

What are the basic properties of gases according to Henry’s law?

Answer 2

the amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid

Question 3

What are the properties of gasses according to Dalton’s law?

Answer 3

the total pressure exerted by the mixture of inert (non-reactive) gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of individual gases in a volume of air.

Question 4

Intrapulmonary pressure is-

Answer 4

The force exerted by gases within the alveoli

Question 5

Intrapleural pressure is-

Answer 5

force exerted by gases in the pleural cavity

Question 6

Describe oxygen transport:

Answer 6

The product of cardiac output (CO) times arterial content of oxygen (Cao2)

Question 7

What is the purpose of the O2 Hb dissociation curve?

Answer 7

shows how the hemoglobin saturation with oxygen (SO2,), is related to the partial pressure of oxygen in the blood

Question 8

What factors influence Hb saturation?

Answer 8

• The partial pressure of CO2
• pH
• concentration of 2,3-DPG inside the erythrocytes
• temperature
• The presence of unusual haemoglobin

Question 9

What are the different controls of respiration?

Answer 9

• Neural control
• Chemoreceptors
• Higher brain centers
• Irritant reflex
• exercise

Question 10

How does neural control function?

Answer 10

interactions between networks of neurons that regulate movements of the lungs, airways and chest wall and abdomen

Question 11

How do chemoreceptors function?

Answer 11

Detects changes in the normal environment, and transmits that information to the central nervous system

Question 12

How do higher brain centers function to control respiration?

Answer 12

• sends nervous impulses to the external intercostal muscles and the diaphragm
• increases the breathing rate and the volume of the lungs during inhalation

Question 13

How does the irritant reflex function?

Answer 13

Irritant receptors lie between airway epithelial cells and are stimulated by noxious gases, cold, and inhaled dusts

• bronchoconstriction and increased respiratory rate

Question 14

How does exercise function to control respiration?

Answer 14

the body uses more oxygen and releases more co2, to cope the breathing increased to about 40-60 times a minute

Question 15

What are the effects of hyperventilation?

Answer 15

causes a decrease in the amount of a gas in the blood

• numbness/tingling
• lightheadedness

Question 16

What are the effects of hypoventilation?

Answer 16

body’s carbon dioxide level rises

-fatigue

Question 17

What are the effects of forced hyperventilation?

Answer 17

Low carbon dioxide levels lead to narrowing of the blood vessels that supply blood to the brain.
-dizziness, tingling in the lips, hands or feet, headache, weakness, fainting, and seizures