Bio 26 Lecture exam 2 study guide 2 Flashcards
How are Helper T cells activated?
They are activated on the surface of antigen-presenting cells, which mature during the innate immune responses triggered by an infection.
How are Cytotoxic T cells activated?
Antigen presentation stimulates T cells to become “cytotoxic”
How are B cells activated?
their B cell receptor (BCR) binds to either soluble or membrane bound antigen.
What occurs after Helper T cells are activated?
they divide rapidly and secrete cytokines that regulate or assist the immune response.
What occurs after Cytoxic T cells are activated?
cytotoxic T cells target and kill cells infected with intracellular pathogens.
What occurs after B cells are activated?
it undergoes clonal proliferation and daughter cells differentiate into plasma cells.
What is neutralization?
when antibodies bind to specific antigens, blocking the pathogen from entering their host cells
What is Agglutination?
the formation of clumps of cells or inert particles by specific antibodies to surface antigenic components
What is Precipitation?
a type of antigen-antibody reaction, in which the antigen occurs in a soluble form
What is Activate complement?
proteins that are activated to cause direct lysis of targeted surfaces by way of the MAC assembly, alerting and priming the immune system
What causes air to enter or leave the lungs?
Muscular breathing movements and recoil of elastic tissues create the changes in pressure that result in ventilation
Where does air want to travel?
From a region with higher pressure to lower pressure
When does forced inhalation occur?
Negative intrapleura pressure results in air to flow in
When does forced exhalation occur?
Contraction of the lungs causes more pressure in the lungs forcing exhalation
