Bio 26 Lecture exam 2 study guide

Question 1

What is lymph and what is it’s purpose?

Answer 1

Fluid that flows through the lymphatic system

-To maintain fluid levels in the body.

Question 2

What is a lymphatic capillary?

Answer 2

tiny thin-walled vessels, closed at one end and located in the spaces between cells throughout the body

Question 3

Does a lymphatic capillary have greater/smaller pressure and greater/smaller diameter than a blood capillary?

Answer 3

greater pressure and greater diameter

Question 4

How does a lymphatic capillary function?

Answer 4

It collects lymph fluid from the tissues which regulates the pressure of interstitial fluid

Question 5

What is the function of the spleen?

Answer 5

It fights off germs and filters the blood

Question 6

What is the function of the tonsils?

Answer 6

They contain white blood cells and fight off bacteria from the nose or mouth

Question 7

What is the function of lymph nodes?

Answer 7

monitor and cleanse the lymph as it filters through them. The nodes filter out the damaged cells and cancer cells.

Question 8

What is the function of the thymus?

Answer 8

produces progenitor cells, which mature into T-cells (thymus-derived cells). The body uses T-cells help destroy infected or cancerous cells.

Question 9

What is a phagocyte and it’s function?

Answer 9

cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.

Question 10

What is a “natural killer cell”?

Answer 10

type of immune cell that has granules (small particles) with enzymes that can kill tumor cells or cells infected with a virus.

Question 11

What causes inflammation?

Answer 11

The damaged cells release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling.

Question 12

What causes fever?

Answer 12

The immune system produces chemicals called pyrogens, which trick the brain’s hypothalamus (where the body’s thermostat resides) into sensing an artificially cool body temperature

Question 13

What is an antimicrobial protein?

Answer 13

host defense peptides are part of the innate immune response

Question 14

What is an interferon?

Answer 14

Proteins produced by cells infected, usually in response to the entry of a virus, which has the property of inhibiting virus replication.

Question 15

What is a complement?

Answer 15

Cause inflammation, promote phagocytosis, and lyse bacteria.

Question 16

What is the difference between a complement and an interferon?

Answer 16

Interferon Promotes anti-viral activity in nearby cells, but does not save infected cells.

Question 17

What is the difference between antigen and an antibody?

Answer 17

Antibody is a protein produced in response to an antigen in the body, an antigen is anything causing an immune response

Question 18

What is the function of an Antigen Presenting Cell (APC)?

Answer 18

mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens for recognition by certain lymphocytes such as T cells.

Question 19

What is the difference between class I MHC and class II MHC?

Answer 19

MHC I molecules are expressed on all nucleated cells and MHC II molecules are expressed only on the surface of antigen-presenting cells

Question 20

What is the function of Helper T cells?

Answer 20

activate B cells that are displaying antigen, causing clonal expansion. Helper T cells also activate cytotoxic T cells, which will search for and destroy infected host cells.

Question 21

what is the function of the cytotoxic T cell?

Answer 21

kill target cells bearing specific antigen while sparing neighboring uninfected cells

Question 22

What is the function of B cells?

Answer 22

Fight bacteria and viruses by making Y-shaped proteins called antibodies