Bio 26 Lecture exam 2 study guide Flashcards
What is lymph and what is it’s purpose?
Fluid that flows through the lymphatic system
-To maintain fluid levels in the body.
What is a lymphatic capillary?
tiny thin-walled vessels, closed at one end and located in the spaces between cells throughout the body
Does a lymphatic capillary have greater/smaller pressure and greater/smaller diameter than a blood capillary?
greater pressure and greater diameter
How does a lymphatic capillary function?
It collects lymph fluid from the tissues which regulates the pressure of interstitial fluid
What is the function of the spleen?
It fights off germs and filters the blood
What is the function of the tonsils?
They contain white blood cells and fight off bacteria from the nose or mouth
What is the function of lymph nodes?
monitor and cleanse the lymph as it filters through them. The nodes filter out the damaged cells and cancer cells.
What is the function of the thymus?
produces progenitor cells, which mature into T-cells (thymus-derived cells). The body uses T-cells help destroy infected or cancerous cells.
What is a phagocyte and it’s function?
cell within the body capable of engulfing and absorbing bacteria and other small cells and particles.
What is a “natural killer cell”?
type of immune cell that has granules (small particles) with enzymes that can kill tumor cells or cells infected with a virus.
What causes inflammation?
The damaged cells release chemicals including histamine, bradykinin, and prostaglandins. These chemicals cause blood vessels to leak fluid into the tissues, causing swelling.
What causes fever?
The immune system produces chemicals called pyrogens, which trick the brain’s hypothalamus (where the body’s thermostat resides) into sensing an artificially cool body temperature
What is an antimicrobial protein?
host defense peptides are part of the innate immune response
What is an interferon?
Proteins produced by cells infected, usually in response to the entry of a virus, which has the property of inhibiting virus replication.
What is a complement?
Cause inflammation, promote phagocytosis, and lyse bacteria.
What is the difference between a complement and an interferon?
Interferon Promotes anti-viral activity in nearby cells, but does not save infected cells.
What is the difference between antigen and an antibody?
Antibody is a protein produced in response to an antigen in the body, an antigen is anything causing an immune response
What is the function of an Antigen Presenting Cell (APC)?
mediate the cellular immune response by processing and presenting antigens for recognition by certain lymphocytes such as T cells.
What is the difference between class I MHC and class II MHC?
MHC I molecules are expressed on all nucleated cells and MHC II molecules are expressed only on the surface of antigen-presenting cells
What is the function of Helper T cells?
activate B cells that are displaying antigen, causing clonal expansion. Helper T cells also activate cytotoxic T cells, which will search for and destroy infected host cells.
what is the function of the cytotoxic T cell?
kill target cells bearing specific antigen while sparing neighboring uninfected cells
What is the function of B cells?
Fight bacteria and viruses by making Y-shaped proteins called antibodies
