Lecture Exam 3 (spinal cord and spinal nerves) Flashcards
dorsal root
contains the axons of the sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglion
ventral root
anterior to dorsal root, leaves the spinal cord. contains the axons of both somatic and visceral motor neurons that control peripheral effectors
distal to each dorsal root ganglion. sensory and motor fibers form a single?
spinal nerve
spinal nerves are classified as? (contain both afferent - sensory and efferent - motor fibers)
mixed nerves
nerve segments
c1-c8; t1-t12; l1-l5; s1-s5; c0
spinal meninges do what
provide protection, physical stability, and shock absorption to the spinal cord and surround the spinal nerve roots
outermost covering of spinal cord and brain. allows spinal cord to move around in vertebral canal.
dura mater
middle meningeal layer consists of simple squamous epithelium. contains CSF that acts as a shock absorber as well as a diffusion medium for dissolved gases, nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products
arachnoid mater
most deep and delicate meningeal layer. contains the blood vessels supplying the spinal cord.
pia mater
due to leakage of CSF, which lower pressure in CFS system and causes a headache
spinal tap headache
a large scale inflammation due to immune system response to a pathogen. space is enlarged due to increases intracranial-spinal pressure form the inflammatory process. causes decreased blood flow to spine and brain.
meningitis
dorsal gray horns
somatic and visceral sensory nuclei
ventral gray horns
somatic motor control
lateral horns
visceral motor neurons
ascending tracts
relays sensory information toward the brain
descending tracts
relays motor commands from the brain into the spinal cord
come out of spinal cord either front or back
roots
where a spinal nerve splits again to go to periphery
rami
an area of skin supplied with afferent nerve fibers by a single posterior spinal root. relays sensation from a particular region of skin to the brain. (sensory counties)
dermatomes
group of muscles that a single efferent ventral spinal nerve root innervates
myotomes
where ventral rami are converging and branching to form these compound nerves
nerve plexuses
4 major nerve plexuses
cervical plexus, brachial plexus, lumbar plexus, and sacral plexus
innervate muscles of neck and extend into the thoracic cavity to control diaphragm
cervical plexus
major nerve of cervical plexus, provides entire nerve supply to the diaphragm
phrenic nerve
innervates the pectoral girdle and upper limb. (musculocutaneous nerve, median nerve, ulnar nerve, axillary nerve, and radial nerve) c5-t1
brachial plexus
brachial plexus branching chain
roots - trunks - divisions - cords - branches
compression of a neurovascular bundle between anterior and middle scalene. caused by 2 possible things; positional or static
thoracic outlet syndrome
neurovascular entrapment or nerve compression or traction (pulling/tearing) pain can and does occur with burning down the arm or ‘dead arm’
pinched nerve; radiculopathy; stinger
compression at the wrist in the carpal tunnel. caused by repetitive movement and manipulating activities
carpal tunnel
ventral rami of t12-l4. genitofemoral nerve, lateral femoral cutaneous nerve, and femoral nerve
lumbar plexus
ventral rami of l4-s4. sciatic nerve and pudendal nerve
sacral plexus
