Lecture Exam 3 (brain and cranial nerves) Flashcards
3 major areas of brain
forebrain (prosencephalon), midbrain (mesencephalon), and hindbrain (rhombencephalon)
divided into large paired cerebral hemispheres seperated by the longitudinal fissure. conscious though process, intellectual functions, memory storage, and retrieval, and complex motor patterns originate
cerebrum (telencephalon)
connects left and right cerebral hemisphere and facilitates inter-hemispheric communication. largest white matter surface in brain.
corpus callosum
deep part of the forebrain. three thalamic subdivisions
diencephalon
contains hormone-secreting pineal gland, and endocrine structure
epithalamus
regulates the sleep-wake cycle, produces melatonin
the pineal gland
general sensory information relay and processing centers
right thalamus and left thalamus
located on floor of diencephalon, a visceral control center
hypothalamus
aids in short and long term memory
hippocampus
the bridge between the prosencephalon and rhombencephalon
mesencephalon
pons, medulla oblangata, and cerebellum
rhombencephalon
regulates life support; breathing, heart rate. involved with both somatic and visceral motor control
pons
relays sensory information to the thalamus and to other brain stem centers. also contains major centers concerned with regulation of autonomic function; heart rate, blood pressure, and digestive activities.
medulla oblongata
2 cerebellar hemispheres. each contain lobes, anterior and posterior, which are seperated by primary fissure. assist in planning, execution, and coordination of limb and trunk movements
cerebellum
2 primary functions of cerebellum
coordinates rapid, automatic adjustments that maintain balance and equilibrium and programming and fine-tuning voluntary and involuntary movements so that we can move in smooth uninterrupted motion during muscle contraction (squirrel)
cranial meninges
dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
fluid-filled cavities within the brain. filled with CSF and lined by ependymal cells
4 ventricles of the brain
superior to the brain stem and lateral to each other. no direct connection between the two but each communicates with each other through interventricular foramen called foramen of monro
two lateral ventricles
a cavity within the diencephalon.
third ventricle
located in inferior portion of medulla oblongata, narrows to single, midline foramen of magendie. becomes continuous with the central canal of spinal cord
fourth ventricle
completely bathes and surrounds the exposed surfaces of the CNS
cerebrospinal fluid
3 important function of CSF
cushioning delicate neural structures, supporting the brain, and aids in transporting nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste products
lack of absorption of CSF, blockage of flow of CSF, overproduction of CSF
hydrocephalus (water in the brain)
cerebrovascular accident
stroke
2 types of strokes
ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke
blood supply cut off - tissue dies causing ischemia
ischemic stroke
bursting of a vessel see bleeding in brain
hemorrhagic stroke
occurs under or at site of impact with an object
coup concussion injury
occurs on the side opposite the area that was impacted
contrecoup injury
athletes under 18 that are suspected of having a concussion cannot go back into game or practice until obtaining a written return to play authorization from a medical professional
lystedt law
abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain
brain seizures
