Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Anatomy > Lecture Exam 2 (review) > Flashcards

Lecture Exam 2 (review) Flashcards

1
Q

skeletal tissue

A

long, cylindrical, multi nucleated, striated cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cardiac tissue

A

striated, interlocking, uninucleated found in heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

smooth tissue

A

non-striated, interlocking, crossing, uninucleated found in tubes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

muscle tissue properties

A

excitability, contractability, extensibility, elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

respond to stimuli

A

excitability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

ability to shorten

A

contractibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ability to contract over range of resting lengths

A

extensibility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ability to return to normal length

A

elasticity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

function of skeletal muscle

A

produce skeletal movement, maintain posture, support soft tissues, regulate entry/exit or materials, and maintain body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

muscle organization (smallest to largest)

A

myofilaments, myofibrils, muscle fibers, fascicles, muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

actin, myosin; arranged into sacromeres

A

myofilaments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

collections of myofilaments

A

myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

AKA muscle cells/myocytes; collections of myofibrils; surrounded by endomysium

A

muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are muscle fibers surrounded by

A

endomysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

bundles of muscle fibers; surrounded by perimysium

A

fascicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are fascicles surrounded by

A

perimysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

collection of fascicles; surrounded by epimysium

A

muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is muscle surrounded by

A

epimysium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

functional contractile unit of muscle

A

sarcomere

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

sliding filament theory step 1

A

calcium ions enter muscle fiber via sarcoplasmic reticulum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

sliding filament theory step 2

A

calcium ions bind to troponin; troponin changes orientation, moving tropomyosin and exposing myosin binding sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

sliding filament theory step 3

A

cross-bridging occurs between actin and myosin; muscle begins to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

sliding filament theory step 4

A

electrical stimulation ends, calcium is reabsorbed into SR; ATP consumed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

skeletal muscles contract from

A

insertion to origin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

increased formation of ATP from ADP; 5-15% increase in 1RM; no substantial improvement in endurance exercises

A

creatine phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

motor unit

A

1 motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

neurotransmitter responsible for initiating action potential in muscle fiber

A

acetylcholine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

growth in number of myofilaments and therefore overall size of muscle

A

hypertrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

decrease in size of muscle fiber

A

atrophy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

erector spinae muscles

A

spinalis, longissimus, and iliocostalis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

abdominal muscles

A

external oblique, internal oblique, rectus abdominis, and transverse abdominis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Rotator cuff muscles (SITS)

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

scapula-humeral muscles

A

supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, deltoid, coracobrachialis, teres major, biceps brachii long head and triceps brachii long head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

pectineus

A

anterior thigh muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

adductor brevis

A

anterior thigh muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

adductor longus

A

anterior thigh muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

adductor magnus

A

anterior thigh muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

gracilis

A

anterior thigh muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

sartorius

A

anterior thigh muscle

40
Q

rectus femoris

A

anterior thigh muscle

41
Q

vastus lateralis

A

anterior thigh muscle

42
Q

vastus intermedius

A

anterior thigh muscle

43
Q

vastus medialis

A

anterior thigh muscle

44
Q

tibialis anterior

A

anterior leg muscle

45
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

anterior leg muscle

46
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

anterior leg muscle

47
Q

function of endocrine system

A

release chemical messengers (hormones) into the bloodstream that regulate bodily functions

48
Q

components of endocrine system

A

hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenals, pancreas, gonads

49
Q

hypothalamus regulatory hormones

A

thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) somatostatin, dopamine

50
Q

thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

A

anterior pituitary gland. triggers release of thyroid hormones

51
Q

adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

anterior pituitary gland. triggers release of steroid hormones from adrenal glands

52
Q

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

A

anterior pituitary gland. promotes development of oocytes and sperm

53
Q

luteinizing hormone (LH)

A

anterior pituitary gland. promotes secretion of progestins and tesosterone

54
Q

prolactin

A

anterior pituitary gland. milk production, mammary gland development

55
Q

melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)

A

anterior pituitary gland. increases melanin production

56
Q

growth hormone (GH)

A

anterior pituitary gland. stimulates protein synthesis

57
Q

antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin, ADH)

A

posterior pituitary gland. increases fluid retention

58
Q

oxytocin

A

posterior pituitary gland. smooth muscle contraction in mammary glands, uterus, and prostate

59
Q

thyroxin (T4)

A

thyroid gland. increases rate of cellular metabolism and oxygen consumption

60
Q

calcitonin

A

thyroid gland. lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclasts

61
Q

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

parathyroid gland. increases blood calcium levels and decreases calcium excretion

62
Q

adrenal cortex produces

A

corticosteriods

63
Q

zona glomerulosa

A

adrenal cortex. produces mineralcorticoids

64
Q

aldosterone

A

mineralcorticoids. produced by zona glomerulosa. water and sodium retention

65
Q

zona fasciculata

A

adrenal cortex. produces glucocorticoids

66
Q

cortisol

A

glucocorticoids. produced by zona fasciculata. increases glucose synthesis; primary stress hormone

67
Q

zona reticularis

A

adrenal cortex. produces androgens

68
Q

precursor stress hormone

A

androgen .produces by zona retiuclaris

68
Q

secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

adrenal medulla

69
Q

functions of lymphatic system

A

produce lymphocytes, maintain normal blood volume, alternative route for nutrients, hormones, waste and blood filtration

70
Q

interstitial fluid, main component of ECF

71
Q

lymphatic capillaries, superficial/deep lymphatics, lymphatic trunks, lymphatic ducts

A

lymphatic vessesl

72
Q

going towards node

73
Q

leaving node

74
Q

empty into venous circulation.

A

lymphatic duct

75
Q

types of lymphatic ducts

A

thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct

76
Q

B, T, NK cells

A

lymphocytes

77
Q

densely packed areas of lymphocytes lining respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts (tonsils)

A

lymph nodules

78
Q

filter and purify lymph

A

lymph nodes

79
Q

removal of abnormal blood cells, iron storage, lymphocyte synthesis

80
Q

development of T/NK lymphocytes

81
Q

ongoing muscle contraction following death; skeletal muscles run out of ATP

A

rigor mortis

82
Q

repetitive teeth grinding, can cause TMJ syndrome

83
Q

lower back pain due to strain of erector spinae

85
Q

used to stregthen muscles of pelvic floor

A

kegel exercises

86
Q

lateral epicondylitis

A

tennis elbow

87
Q

medial epicondylitis

A

little league elbow

88
Q

repeated rubbing of tendon of lateral femoral condyle

A

IT band syndrome

89
Q

irritation of patellar ligament at tibial tuberosity

A

osgood-schlatters disease

90
Q

top of stomach protrudes through diaphragm

A

hiatal hernia

91
Q

occurs at AC joint, supraspinatus often injured as well

A

shoulder separation

92
Q

treatment for compartment syndrome

A

fasciotomy

93
Q

inadequate production of GH

94
Q

graves disease, goiter

A

hyperthyroidism

95
Q

cretinism, weight gain and bradycardia

A

hypothyroidism

96
Q

scapula movements

A

elevation, depression, retraction, protraction, up rotation, and down. rotation

Anatomy (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions