Lecture Exam 3 (Neural Tissue) Flashcards
Neural tissue has 2 cell types
neurons and neuroglia
responsible for the transfer and processing of information in the nervous system
neurons (nerve cells)
axon of a neuron
nerve fiber
nerves are made of bundles of?
neurons
each neuron is called a
nerve fiber
nerve fiber is made up of mostly?
axon
smaller than nerve fiber
neurofibrils and nerurofilaments
cell body of neuron
soma
receivers of the nerve impulse from surrounding neurons
dendrites
a neuron receives information from other neurons primarily at
dendritic spines
axon ends at. part of synapse. specialized site where neuron communicates with another chemical messengers
synaptic terminal/terminal button
a long cytoplasmic process capable of propagating an action potential (nerve impulse) the larger the diameter the more rapid the impulse will be conducted.
axon
one process off of cell body but has two axonal processes. cell body lies to one side. Sensory neurons.
psuedo-unipolar neurons
several dendrite processes off of cell body and single axon that may have one or more branches. most common in CNS. Motor neurons
multipolar neurons
support neurons
neuroglia cells
four types of glial cells in CNS
astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal cells and microglia
maintain blood-brain barrier, largest and most numeral glial cell, satellite cells in PNS, shield neurons from direct contact with other neurons and surrounding interstitial fluid, guide neural development
astrocytes
schwann cells in PNS, improve functional performance of neurons by wrapping axons in myelin
oligodendrocytes
improves the speed at which an action potential or nerve impulse is conducted along an axon.
myelin
lines the ventricles of brain and central canal of spinal cord, cuboid/columnar epithelia and helps move cebro-spinal fluid around CNS, help regulate CFS absorption and secretion
ependymal cells
specialized ependymal cells that participate in the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid
choroid plexus
acting as roving security force, engulf cellular debris, waste products and pathogens
microglia
connective tissues of nerves
epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium
deliver information to CNS. afferent fibers.
sensory neurons
transmit information about the outside world and our position within it
somatic sensory neurons
transmit information about internal conditions and the status of other organ systems
visceral sensory neurons
4 major receptors
nociceptors, thermoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors.
monitor the position and movement of skeletal muscles and joints
proprioreceptors (kinesthestic receptors)
detect change in the length of muscle
muscle spindle
muscle contraction in response to stretching within the muscle itself
the stretch reflex
detects changes in force or tension in a tendon
golgi tendon organ
monitor the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems and provide sensations of deep pressure and pain as well as taste, another special sense
interoceptors
multipolar neurons that form efferent fibers. goes from CNS to PNS
motor neurons
somatic motor neurons
consciously controlled
permits communication between a neuron and another cell type
synapse
