Lecture Exam 2 (Axial)

Question 1

functions of axial musculature

Answer 1

moves head, vertebral column, and moves rib cage for breathing

Question 2

facial muscles innervation

Answer 2

seventh cranial nerve (facial nerve)

Question 3

4 rectus muscles that move eyes

Answer 3

superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and lateral rectus. inferior oblique and superior oblique.

Question 4

extra-ocular muscles innervation

Answer 4

third (oculomotor) fourth (trochlear) sixth (abducens) cranial nerves

Question 5

glossus means

Answer 5

tongue

Question 6

articulation between the condyle of the mandible and squamous portion of the temporal bone

Answer 6

temporomandibular joint

Question 7

two motions when opening jaw

Answer 7

rotation and translation (sliding)

Question 8

pain/dysfunction of muscles of mastication and the temporo-mandibular

Answer 8

TMJ syndrome

Question 9

repetitive unconscious clenching or grinding os teeth

Answer 9

bruxism

Question 10

important for initiation of swallowing

Answer 10

pharyngeal muscles

Question 11

pharyngeal muscles innervation

Answer 11

ninth (glossopharyngeal) and tenth (vagus) cranial nerves

Question 12

control position of larynx, depress the mandible, tense the floor of the mouth, and provide a stable foundation for muscles of the tongue and pharynx

Answer 12

anterior muscles of neck

Question 13

layers of the back

Answer 13

superficial, intermediate, and deep

Question 14

trapezius and latissimus dorsi muscles

Answer 14

superficial muscles of back

Question 15

erector spinae

Answer 15

intermediate layer

Question 16

three names of erector spinae

Answer 16

iliocostalis, longissimus and spinalis

Question 17

short muscles that work in various combinations to produce slight extension or rotation of vertebral column. important in making delicate adjustments in position of individual vertebrae and stabilizing adjacent vertebrae

Answer 17

deep layer

Question 18

compress underlying structures or rotate the vertebral column, depending on whether one or both sides are contracting

Answer 18

oblique muscles (diagonals)

Question 19

important flexors of the vertebral column, acting in opposition to erector spinae

Answer 19

rectus muscles (straight)

Question 20

superficial and aid in inhalation by pulling the ribs up and anteriorly to increase the volume of the chest cavity

Answer 20

external intercostal muscles

Question 21

deep and aid in forced expiration by forcing the ribs toward one another and decreasing the intercostal space thus decreasing the volume of the chest cavity

Answer 21

internal intercostal muscles

Question 22

begins at xiphoid process and ends near the pubic symphysis. muscle is divided longitudinally by median collagenous partition (linea alba)

Answer 22

rectus abdominis muscle

Question 23

bands of fibrous tissue that divide this muscle into four repeated segments

Answer 23

transverse tendinous inscriptions

Question 24

aids in forced expiration and offers horizontal band like support to the abdominal and posterolateral region below rib cage

Answer 24

transversus abdominis muscles

Question 25

any muscular sheet that forms a wall.

Answer 25

diaphragm

Question 26

top of stomach protrudes through the diaphragm. mimics a heart attack at times

Answer 26

hiatal hernia

Question 27

extend from sacrum and coccyx to the ischium and pubis

Answer 27

muscles of pelvic floor

Question 28

3 functions of pelvic floor muscles

Answer 28

support organs of pelvic cavity, flex joints of sacrum and coccyx and control movement of materials through the urethra and anus