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Semester 2 - MSK > Lecture - Bones and Joints > Flashcards

Lecture - Bones and Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the axial skeleton?

A

Supports and protects the underlying organs

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2
Q

What comprises the appendicular skeleton?

A

The upper and lower limbs, including the pelvic girdle

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3
Q

What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?

A

Allows motility

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4
Q

Name the 5 types of bones, and give an example of each.

A 
Long - humerus
Short - carpals
Flat - scapula
Irregular - sinuses
Sesamoid - patella
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5
Q

What is a tuberosity, or tubercle?

A

An elevation

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6
Q

What is the name given to a large bony prominence?

A

Condyle

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7
Q

What is an epicondyle, and how does it differ from a condyle?

A

A bony prominence. Smaller than a condyle.

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8
Q

What is a facet?

A

Flattened surface for a joint or muscle attachment

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9
Q

What is the name given to a depression in a bone?

A

A fossa

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10
Q

What is a joint?

A

An articulation between 2 or more bones

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11
Q

What are the 3 major types of joint?

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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12
Q

What defines a fibrous joint?

A

The bones are joined by fibre

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13
Q

What is another way to classify fibrous joints?

A

Synarthrosis - fixed/immovable

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14
Q

What is an example of a fibrous/synarthrosis joint?

A

Sutures in a child’s skull

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15
Q

What defines a cartilaginous joint?

A

The bones are joined by cartilage

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16
Q

As what other joint can cartilaginous joints be classified?

A

Amphiarthroses - joints in which some movement is possible

17
Q

What is a primary cartilaginous joint known as?

A

A synchondrosis

18
Q

What is a synchondrosis?

A

A primary cartilaginous joint

19
Q

What is a primary cartilaginous joint/synchondrosis?

A

A joint in which there is hyaline cartilage between the two bones, or parts of bones.

20
Q

Give an example of a primary cartilaginous joint in which the joint is between two bones, and one which is between two parts of the same bone.

A

2 bones - 1st sternocostal joint

2 parts of same bone - epiphyseal growth plate between epiphysis and diaphysis

21
Q

What is a symphysis?

A

A secondary cartilaginous joint

22
Q

What is a secondary cartilaginous joint known as?

A

A symphysis

23
Q

What is a symphysis/secondary cartilaginous joint?

A

A joint where fibrocartilage separates the 2 bones

24
Q

Give an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint.

A

IV discs or pubic symphysis

25
Q

What are the 3 defining features of a synovial joint?

A

Articular cartilage
Articular capsule
Synovial fluid

26
Q

What are the 6 types of synovial joint?

A 
Pivot
Plane
Hinge
Saddle
Ball and socket
Condyloid
27
Q

What does a plane joint allow?

Give an example

A

Gliding and sliding

Acromioclavicular joint

28
Q

What movements does a hinge joint allow?

Give an example

A

Flexion and extension in one axes only (uniaxial)

Elbow

29
Q

What is a saddle joint?

Give an example?

A

Where convex and concave surfaces meet

1st MCP joint (i.e MCP joint of thumb)

30
Q

What movement does a ball and socket joint allow?

A

Movement in several axes

31
Q

What movements do a condyloid joint allow?

Give an example.

A

Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction

MCP joints

32
Q

What is a pivot joint?

A

A joint where a round bony process fits into a ligamentous socket

33
Q

What movement does a pivot joint allow?

A

Rotation

34
Q

Give an example of a pivot joint?

A

The proximal radio-ulnar joint

35
Q

What sort of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint?

A

Pivot type synovial joint

36
Q

What comprises the axial skeleton?

A

Skull, vertebral column and rib cage

Semester 2 - MSK (35 decks)

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