Lecture - Bones and Joints Flashcards
What is the function of the axial skeleton?
Supports and protects the underlying organs
What comprises the appendicular skeleton?
The upper and lower limbs, including the pelvic girdle
What is the function of the appendicular skeleton?
Allows motility
Name the 5 types of bones, and give an example of each.
Long - humerus Short - carpals Flat - scapula Irregular - sinuses Sesamoid - patella
What is a tuberosity, or tubercle?
An elevation
What is the name given to a large bony prominence?
Condyle
What is an epicondyle, and how does it differ from a condyle?
A bony prominence. Smaller than a condyle.
What is a facet?
Flattened surface for a joint or muscle attachment
What is the name given to a depression in a bone?
A fossa
What is a joint?
An articulation between 2 or more bones
What are the 3 major types of joint?
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
What defines a fibrous joint?
The bones are joined by fibre
What is another way to classify fibrous joints?
Synarthrosis - fixed/immovable
What is an example of a fibrous/synarthrosis joint?
Sutures in a child’s skull
What defines a cartilaginous joint?
The bones are joined by cartilage
As what other joint can cartilaginous joints be classified?
Amphiarthroses - joints in which some movement is possible
What is a primary cartilaginous joint known as?
A synchondrosis
What is a synchondrosis?
A primary cartilaginous joint
What is a primary cartilaginous joint/synchondrosis?
A joint in which there is hyaline cartilage between the two bones, or parts of bones.
Give an example of a primary cartilaginous joint in which the joint is between two bones, and one which is between two parts of the same bone.
2 bones - 1st sternocostal joint
2 parts of same bone - epiphyseal growth plate between epiphysis and diaphysis
What is a symphysis?
A secondary cartilaginous joint
What is a secondary cartilaginous joint known as?
A symphysis
What is a symphysis/secondary cartilaginous joint?
A joint where fibrocartilage separates the 2 bones
Give an example of a secondary cartilaginous joint.
IV discs or pubic symphysis
What are the 3 defining features of a synovial joint?
Articular cartilage
Articular capsule
Synovial fluid
What are the 6 types of synovial joint?
Pivot Plane Hinge Saddle Ball and socket Condyloid
What does a plane joint allow?
Give an example
Gliding and sliding
Acromioclavicular joint
What movements does a hinge joint allow?
Give an example
Flexion and extension in one axes only (uniaxial)
Elbow
What is a saddle joint?
Give an example?
Where convex and concave surfaces meet
1st MCP joint (i.e MCP joint of thumb)
What movement does a ball and socket joint allow?
Movement in several axes
What movements do a condyloid joint allow?
Give an example.
Flexion/extension, abduction/adduction and circumduction
MCP joints
What is a pivot joint?
A joint where a round bony process fits into a ligamentous socket
What movement does a pivot joint allow?
Rotation
Give an example of a pivot joint?
The proximal radio-ulnar joint
What sort of joint is the proximal radio-ulnar joint?
Pivot type synovial joint
What comprises the axial skeleton?
Skull, vertebral column and rib cage
