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Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Lecture 9: Urinary System > Flashcards

Lecture 9: Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What does the excretory system remove?

A
  • excess water
  • salts
  • nitrogenous waste
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2
Q

What is the process used to remove waste in the excretory system?

A

osmoregulation through blood solute concentrations

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3
Q

How does the excretory system get filtered from blood?

A

via mass of complex tubules

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4
Q

Kidneys form from what type of tissue?

A

mesoderm

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5
Q

What is the nephric ridge?

A

gives rise to archinephric duct

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6
Q

Where does the nephric tubule leads caudually?

A

to the cloaca

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7
Q

In early development, where do nephrons first form?

A

in pharynx creating pronephros that filter fluid

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8
Q

What are mesonephros?

A
  • comes after pronephros
  • triggers metanephric tubules -> kidney
  • filters out fluid
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9
Q

What is the name of the bud from the archinephric duct?

A

metanephric duct

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10
Q

What does the metanephric duct trigger the formation of?

A
  • functional kidney
  • ureter
  • renal pelvis
  • renal sinus
  • major & minor calyces
  • collecting ducts
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11
Q

What is the name of the final/major kidney?

A

metanephros

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12
Q

What are the 2 parts of metanephros?

A

outer cortex & medulla

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13
Q

What does the nephron loop absorb?

A
  • descending loop -> water
  • ascending loop -> sodium chloride
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14
Q

In females, what dies the archinephric duct separate from?

A

urethra

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15
Q

In males, what does the archinephric duct connect to?

A

into urethra below the bladder

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16
Q

What does the excretory system differentiate into?

A

urinary bladder & urethra

17
Q

What are ureters formed from?

A

metanephric ducts

18
Q

How is urine drained from the nephron?

A

collecting duct -> minor calyc -> major calyc -> renal sinus -> hilum -> ureter -> bladder

19
Q

What type of epithelium lines the bladder?

A

transitional that stretches

20
Q

What is the msucular layer surrounding the bladder?

A

detrusor -> empties out bladder

21
Q

Where does th eurine travel to the outside in males & females?

A
  • males -> empties through penis
  • females -> in front of vaginal orifice
22
Q

Where does the production of urine occur?

A

kindeys

23
Q

What does the outer cortex of the kidney contain?

A
  • branches of renal art & vein
  • portions of kidneys functional unit -> nephron
  • connective tissue columns that project inward
24
Q

What does the inner medulla of the kdiney contain?

A
  • organized into 6-8 distince lobes by renal columns
  • renal pyramids that house nephron loops & peritubular cappilaries
  • renal papillae that house collecting ducts
25
Q

What does the renal artery branch down into?

A

capillary beds called glomeruli

26
Q

What is the renal/Bowmann’s corpuscle?

A
  • contains glomeruli
  • where filtration occurs
  • contains high hydrostatic pressure to filter material out capillaries
27
Q

What type of capillary are inside glomeruli?

A

finestrated

28
Q

What is the filtration process of kidneys?

A
  • large amounts of water, glucose, ions, amino acids, proteins
  • DO NOT pass -> cells, platelets, antibodies, albumin
29
Q

What are the 3 regions of the nephron?

A
  • proximal convoluted tubule
  • nephron loop
  • distal convoluted tubule
30
Q

What is absorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidneys?

A

Na+, proteins, & glucose by active transport

31
Q

How is H2O absorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidneys?

A

via osmosis through aquaporins

32
Q

How are Ca2+, Mg2+, & PO4 absorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidneys?

A

via diffusion

33
Q

Absorption in the collecting ducts depend on what?

A
  • hormones
  • Ca2+ -> parthyroid
  • Na+ -> aldosterone
  • H2O -> ADH
34
Q

What is the normal secretion of urine?

A

1-2L

35
Q

What is oligonuria?

A
  • <500 mL
  • due to dehydration, kidney disease, or prostatitis
36
Q

What is polynuria?

A
  • > 2.5 L per day
  • due to diabetes insipidus, kidney disease, or overhydration

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (12 decks)

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