Lecture 9: Urinary System Flashcards
What does the excretory system remove?
- excess water
- salts
- nitrogenous waste
What is the process used to remove waste in the excretory system?
osmoregulation through blood solute concentrations
How does the excretory system get filtered from blood?
via mass of complex tubules
Kidneys form from what type of tissue?
mesoderm
What is the nephric ridge?
gives rise to archinephric duct
Where does the nephric tubule leads caudually?
to the cloaca
In early development, where do nephrons first form?
in pharynx creating pronephros that filter fluid
What are mesonephros?
- comes after pronephros
- triggers metanephric tubules -> kidney
- filters out fluid
What is the name of the bud from the archinephric duct?
metanephric duct
What does the metanephric duct trigger the formation of?
- functional kidney
- ureter
- renal pelvis
- renal sinus
- major & minor calyces
- collecting ducts
What is the name of the final/major kidney?
metanephros
What are the 2 parts of metanephros?
outer cortex & medulla
What does the nephron loop absorb?
- descending loop -> water
- ascending loop -> sodium chloride
In females, what dies the archinephric duct separate from?
urethra
In males, what does the archinephric duct connect to?
into urethra below the bladder
What does the excretory system differentiate into?
urinary bladder & urethra
What are ureters formed from?
metanephric ducts
How is urine drained from the nephron?
collecting duct -> minor calyc -> major calyc -> renal sinus -> hilum -> ureter -> bladder
What type of epithelium lines the bladder?
transitional that stretches
What is the msucular layer surrounding the bladder?
detrusor -> empties out bladder
Where does th eurine travel to the outside in males & females?
- males -> empties through penis
- females -> in front of vaginal orifice
Where does the production of urine occur?
kindeys
What does the outer cortex of the kidney contain?
- branches of renal art & vein
- portions of kidneys functional unit -> nephron
- connective tissue columns that project inward
What does the inner medulla of the kdiney contain?
- organized into 6-8 distince lobes by renal columns
- renal pyramids that house nephron loops & peritubular cappilaries
- renal papillae that house collecting ducts
What does the renal artery branch down into?
capillary beds called glomeruli
What is the renal/Bowmann’s corpuscle?
- contains glomeruli
- where filtration occurs
- contains high hydrostatic pressure to filter material out capillaries
What type of capillary are inside glomeruli?
finestrated
What is the filtration process of kidneys?
- large amounts of water, glucose, ions, amino acids, proteins
- DO NOT pass -> cells, platelets, antibodies, albumin
What are the 3 regions of the nephron?
- proximal convoluted tubule
- nephron loop
- distal convoluted tubule
What is absorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidneys?
Na+, proteins, & glucose by active transport
How is H2O absorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidneys?
via osmosis through aquaporins
How are Ca2+, Mg2+, & PO4 absorbed in the proximal convoluted tubule in the kidneys?
via diffusion
Absorption in the collecting ducts depend on what?
- hormones
- Ca2+ -> parthyroid
- Na+ -> aldosterone
- H2O -> ADH
What is the normal secretion of urine?
1-2L
What is oligonuria?
- <500 mL
- due to dehydration, kidney disease, or prostatitis
What is polynuria?
- > 2.5 L per day
- due to diabetes insipidus, kidney disease, or overhydration
