Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology 2 > Lecture 2: Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

Lecture 2: Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Does blood leave vessels?

A

no

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 parts of the cardio system?

A
  • heart -> provides force to pump blood
  • blood vessels -> house & trabsport blood
  • blood -> carries & trabsports materials
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What makes 55% of blood volume?

A

matrix/plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 2 functions of blood vessels?

A
  • prvent leakege of materials
  • provide selectively permeable barrier
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the formed elements in blood?

A
  • RBCs -> 95%; erythrocytes responsible for gas transport
  • cellular fragments -> platelets responsible for clotting
  • WBCs -> .1%; leukocytes responsible ofr immune response
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where do all formed elements come from?

A

bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is embryonic hematopoiesis found?

A
  • yolk sac
  • liver
  • spleen
  • bone marrow
  • spongy bone
  • medullary cavity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where are formed elements found in adults?

A
  • spongy bone of axial skeleton
  • long bones
  • lymph nodes
  • bone marrow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What 2 organs retain hematopoietic ability but are inactive?

A

liver & spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do lymphoid stem cells differentiate?

A
  • T cells & NK cells -> in lymphatic tissue & thymus
  • B cells -> in bone marrow
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What do myeloid stem cells produce?

A
  • progenitor cells to respond to chemicals
  • megakaryocytes -> thrombocytes/platelets
  • erythrocyte -> RBCs
  • myeloblast -> WBCs (basophils, neutrophil, eosinophil)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where do erythrocytes originate?

A

kidneys then bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What do eerythrocytes release that trigger RBC production?

A

erythropoietin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is anemia?

A

deficiency in RBCs or hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the composition of hemoglobin?

A
  • 4 globin subunits with heme group
  • each heme has an iron factor & binds one O2
  • amino acid in globin bind CO2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Each RBC has how many hemoglobins?

A

300 million

17
Q

Do people with type O blood have any antigens?

A

no

18
Q

What are antigens?

A

cell surface proteins that form a personal signature

19
Q

People who lack Rh antigens are Rh positive or negative?

A

negative

20
Q

If someone lacks A, B, & Rh antigens what type blood are they? (vice/versa)

A

O- blood

21
Q

What is agglutination?

A

antibodies bind to antigens on multiple cells

22
Q

How are agglutinated cells destroyed?

A

by WBCs

23
Q

What is the principle component of the immune response?

A

WBCs (eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, neutrophils)

24
Q

What triggers WBCs?

A

thymosins & cytokines

25
Q

What is the most abundant WBC?

A

neutrophil

26
Q

What are the characteristics of neutrophils?

A
  • phagocytize bacteria & cellular debris
  • secrete peroxide & lysozyme to kill invaders
  • dead neutrophils form component of pus
27
Q

What are the characteristics of basophils?

A
  • trigger inflammation
  • release histamines & heparin
  • activate allergies
28
Q

What are the characteristics of eosinophils?

A
  • release proinflammatory cytokines
  • recruit leukoctes
  • weakly phagocytic but can aggregate & kill parasites
29
Q

What are the characteristics of monocytes?

A
  • largest cell
  • phagocytize bacteria, parasites, & damaged cells
  • become large macrophages when they leave blood
  • removes damaged RBCs
30
Q

What are the characteristics of lymphocytes?

A
  • develop into T & B cells
  • main acquired immune cell (learn identity of invader)
  • matuee in bone marrow
  • Ab production
31
Q

What are the characteristics of platelets?

A
  • fragment of megakaryocytes
  • grow in response to thrombopoietin from liver & kidneys
  • responsible for closing breaks in vessels
32
Q

How do platelets close brekas in vessels?

A
  1. vasospasm -> contraction of smooth muscles to reduce blood loss
  2. clotting factors release by damaged tissue
  3. platelet plug closes vessels off
33
Q

How do platelets trigger clotting?

A

release factors to trigger coagulation cascade

34
Q

What is the coagulation cascade?

A
  1. prothrombin converts to thrombin
  2. fibrinogen converts to fibrin
  3. fibrin forms mesh web to catch blood cells & platelets forming a clot
35
Q

How does warfarin work as a blood thinner?

A

reduces clotting production (prevents thrombus formation)

Anatomy & Physiology 2 (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions