Lecture 3: Vessels & Bloodflow

Question 1

What is the largest vessel and the first place blood goes as it leaves the heart?

Answer 1

aorta

Question 2

What are the layers of vessels?

Answer 2

• intima -> inner
• media -> middle
• externa -> outer

Question 3

What are the characteristics of the tunica intima?

Answer 3

• made of squamous epithelial cells
• surrounded by mesh connective tissue
• found in all blood vessels

Question 4

What type of epithelial allows for exchange in vessels?

Answer 4

simple squamous

Question 5

What are the characteristics of the tunica media?

Answer 5

• muscular layer
• connected to other layers by collagen fibers
• circular smooth muscles

Question 6

Where is the tunica media thick?

Answer 6

in arteries & contains elastic tissue

Question 7

Where is the tunica media thin?

Answer 7

in veins & contains collagenous fibers

Question 8

What are the characteristics of the tunica externa?

Answer 8

• composed of collagenous fibers
• holds vessels in place & prevents flow disruption

Question 9

What vessel should have the thickest, most elastic walls?

Answer 9

aorta

Question 10

What are the branches of the aorta?

Answer 10

• brachiocephalic
• left subclavian artery
• left carotid artery

Question 11

What are arterioles?

Answer 11

• allows body to survive on lower blood volume
• have sphincters to shunt blood

Question 12

What occurs if all the sphincters in the body open?

Answer 12

decrease in blood pressure

Question 13

What is the primary site of exchange in the circulatory system?

Answer 13

capillaries

Question 14

What are the 3 types of capillaries?

Answer 14

• continuous -> tight junctions
• fenestrated -> pores
• sinusoidal ->large gaps b/w cells

Question 15

What are the characteristics of continuous capillaries?

Answer 15

• limit flow of materials out of capillaries
• common in fat, muscle, nervous tissue

Question 16

What are the characteristics of fenestrated capillaries?

Answer 16

• permit movement of larger molecules out of capillaries
• common in intestines, kidneys, endocrine glands

Question 17

What are the characteristics of sinusoidal capillaries?

Answer 17

• allows cells to move in/out of blood
• found in lymph nodes, spleen, liver, & bone marrow

Question 18

Venules coalesce to form what?

Answer 18

veins

Question 19

What are the characteristics of venules?

Answer 19

• have large lumen to collect blood
• possess valbes to accomodate low pressure
• collagenic tunica media

Question 20

What is the hepatic portal system?

Answer 20

• routes blood through liver
• permits absorption/ modification of nutrients
• has nutrient dense blood from digestive tract
• permits cleaning & modification of spleen blood

Question 21

All blood leaves the liver through what type of vein?

Answer 21

hepatic vein

Question 22

What enters and what leaves through the placenta?

Answer 22

• enters -> O2 & nutrients from mother
• leaves -> waste

Question 23

What moves the blood from the right the left atrium?

Answer 23

foramen ovale

Question 24

What connects the pulmonary artery to the aorta?

Answer 24

ductus arteriosus