Lecture 9: Other Disease conditions Flashcards
Glassers disease is caused by this bacteria?
Haemophilus parasuis
What is the name of the swine whipworm
Trichuris suis
What is suggestive of trichuris suis in terms of D+?
Mucoid or mucohemorrhagic D+ with loss of condition
What might you see in the large intestine with trichuris suis?
Inflammatory nodules, often with protruding parasites in mucosa of large intestine. Signs similar to swine dysentery and they can occur together
When can we locate the eggs of trichuris suis?
No eggs apparent until 8 weeks post infection
What condition do we treat with vitamin K and hematinics and give access to fibrous feed?
Gastric ulcers
What are some clinical signs of gastric ulcers?
Acutely-found dead with pallor (pale) black tarry feces (melena) anemia anorexia grinding of the teeth unthriftiness
What aspect of the body does gastric ulcers refer to
destruction of part or all of the pars esophagea (non glandular stomach) with the formation of one or multiple ulcers
What age do ulcer lesions occur and describe who the highest prevalence is with?
from weaning onwards, but CS are usually only noted in pigs eight weeks of age or older with highest prevalence in pigs 120 pounds to market
In terms of feed what can cause gastric ulcers? What are some other causes?
Finely ground feed (need access to fibrous feed) pelleted rations nutrient rich low fibre diets stress ab lib whey or skimmed milk summer hotter months
If a pig comes in and aimlessly wanders and has blindness, deafness, and head pressing and occasionally the pig sits like a dog and slowly raises their nose upward and backward and fall on their side and spasm followed by paddling of the legs what is wrong
Salt poisoning (water deprivation; Sodium Ion toxicosis)
What happens in the brain with salt poisoning?
results in unique meningeal and cerebral perivascular cuffing by easinophils in the brain
Describe how to reintroduce water to pigs with salt poisoning?
Water deprived pigs should be reintroduced to water slowly, given only small amounts of water at frequent intervals
What is the likelihood of survival with pigs exhibiting clinical signs?
they usually die regardless of treatment
How do pigs get salt poisoning?
as a consequence of water deprivation or from sudden ingestion of too much salt. (in water deprived normal salt levels can be consumed and still cause this) freezing water source cna cause this
What would happen if we wanted to hurry and give a bunch of water to water deprived pigs from salt poisoning?
signs can worsen if unlimited access to water!
What causes osteochondrosis?
Dyschondroplasia has been attributed to rapid growth and early excessive weight bearing pressure on cartilage; genetics pays a role
What are the risk factors associated with Osteochondrosis?
Nutritional deficiencies, flooring and housing that induce trauma, infection with mycoplasma hyosynoviae, and lack of exercise
What is the result if a sow has Osteochondrosis
they will be culled
Growth cartilage disease that often occurs in rapidly growing pigs approaching market weight or breeding age?
Osteochondrosis
Osteochondrosis is characterized clinically by?
Abnormal gait or lameness with characteristic pathological lesions in cartilage and bone
Where are the common sites of lesions with Osteochondrosis
joint cartilage including the medial femoral condyle, humeral condyle, humeral head, glenoid scapula, distal ulna, and lumbar vertebrae
Name the rapidly spreading viral disease characterized by sudden onset of fever occulonasal discharge prostration and weakness followed by paroxysmal coughing over a relatively short period
Swine influenza
How long is the course for swine influenza and describe the mortality rate
5-7 day course and a relatively low mortality in uncomplicated outbreaks
Where is swine influenze common and what age group does it normally effect, in the location most common what type is MC
Common in USA and occurs in all ages (H1N1 is the common subtype in the USA)
What type of production system is swine influenza most common in?
Continuous production system
How do we control swine influenza?
vaccination, maintaining closed herd, access to fresh feed and water, all in and all out
How do we treat swine influenza?
antimicrobials for secondary bacterial infections
What are common CS with swine influenza?
Prostration Weakness Fever (104-106) Paroxysmal coughing anorexia conjunctivitis with occulonasal discharge growth retardation high morbidity and low mortality abortion during pregnancy or weak litters transplacental infection possible
Name the widespread, chronic respiratory disease of swine characterized by
coughing, growth retardation and reduced feed efficiency
Mycoplasmal Pneumonia (Enzootic Pneumonia)
What form of Mycoplasmal Pneumonia (Enzootic Pneumonia) is more apparent and why?
often is more apparent in chronic form on premises where there is continuous flow production and management, and where husbandry and environmental conditions are poor
When do we commonly see Mycoplasmal Pneumonia (Enzootic Pneumonia) in terms of stage of the pig?
affects pigs early after weaning but more common during growing and finishing phases
Mycoplasmal Pneumonia (Enzootic Pneumonia) often interacts and contributes to other respiratory diseases and is considered to have a central role in this disease?
porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC)
Potentiates other infections but can cause diseases on its own
What are the two other pathogenic mycoplasmas are recognized in swine:
- Mycoplasma hyosynoviae
* Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Name the one of the 2 other pathogenic mycoplasmas that causes a infection is common and it causes fibrinous polyserositis in young pigs
Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Name the one of the 2 other pathogenic mycoplasmas that is a sporadic cause of epidemic synovitis in growing swine.
Mycoplasma hyosynoviae
Describe the epidemiological transit of Mycoplasmal Pneumonia (Enzootic Pneumonia) ? Which pig is the most common source of infection
carrier swine are the most common source of infection,
does not survive long in environment, Poor air quality (dust or noxious gases) a risk factor, isolated from nasal secretions so transmission by nose-to-nose contact and coughing are likely, also aerosols
What are the clinical signs of Mycoplasmal Pneumonia (Enzootic Pneumonia)?
chronic, persistent, nonproductive cough (usually persistent), dyspnea, growth retardation and reduced feed efficiency, high morbidity and low mortality
How do we control Mycoplasmal Pneumonia (Enzootic Pneumonia)?
proper biosecurity, depop and repop with negative stock, all in all out, vaccination, early weaning
How do we TREAT Mycoplasmal Pneumonia (Enzootic Pneumonia)?
Mostly in water or feed: lincomycin, tiamulin, tetracyclines, tylosin, tilmicosin, tulathromycin, enrofloxacin
Name the infectious disease of pigs, often acute, characterized by various combinations of meningoencephalitis, polyserositis and polyarthritis as well as a contributor to bacterial pneumonia
Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease)
What age does Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease) affect?
occurs sporadically among swine herds and is usually observed in three week to four month-old pigs
When do we often see Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease) after what occurs?
often occurs subsequent to stressful events such as weaning, changes in environment, commingling, or as coinfection with other disease agents
How many serovars are there of Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease)?
21 serovars have been identified, some more pathogenic than others. Cross protection occurs but is incomplete
Where can we isolate Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease in the pig?
often can be isolated from the nasal cavity or tonsil of normal pigs
Describe the affect of Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease and neonates and their exposure and protection?
Neonatal pigs are exposed to and colonized by the organism early in life but
protected by colostral antibodies.
__________ is widely distributed in the swine population and usually causes NO DISEASE
H. parasuis
What are the CS of Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease?
Clinical signs: usually sudden onset in best conditioned pigs, sudden death, signs depend on affected organs.
septicemia or myositis related signs. Less frequent signs in all swine include rhinitis, dyspnea, reddening of the conjunctiva, cyanosis of the extremities and edema of the eyelids or ears
What are the CNS CS of Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease?
fever, anorexia depression followed by tremors, incoordination, posterior paresis or lateral recumbency
What are the joint related CS of Haemophilus parasuis (Glasser’s Disease?
swollen leg joints, in some outbreaks arthritis predominates
Describe the mortality and morbidity of Haemophilus parasuis Glasser’s Disease in untreated pigs?
Normally low morbidity but high mortality in untreated pigs
What is the most important differential with Haemophilus parasuis Glasser’s Disease?
Streptococcus suis
How do we control Haemophilus parasuis Glasser’s Disease?
sound husbandry, control of primary diseases such as PRRSV, prophylactic antimicrobials, or vaccination, acclimatization and vaccination of breeding stock, minimize stress during weaning and in nursery.
How do we TREAT Haemophilus parasuis Glasser’s Disease?
sensitive to many antibiotics and sulfonamides
