Lecture 2: Reticuloruminal disorders

Question 1

Free gas bloat is a manifestation of an underlying _____ disorder and is usually _____ in occurance (typically __ animal)

Answer 1

• primary
• sporadic
• 1

Question 2

______ bloat:

is a primary disease where ruminal gases are trapped in small bubbles withint abnromally viscous digest and is dependent on ______

Answer 2

Frothy; feedstuffs

Question 3

What are the high risk forages for bloat? (4)

Answer 3

• Alfalfa
• Sweet clover
• Red clover
• Winter wheat

Question 4

True or False:

• Lespedeza
• Birdsfoot trfoil
• Sainfoin
• Most perennial grasses

are all low risk forages for gassy bloat

Answer 4

FALSE

they are indeed all low irks forages but for frothy bloat instead of gassy bloat

Question 5

Where is bloat more pronounced at in terms of location?

Answer 5

Asymmetric abdominal distension most pronounced in the LEFT PARALUMBAR FOSSA

Question 6

When a cow is restless, kicking at the abdomen, and rolling what does this indicate?

Answer 6

Abdominal discomfort….possibly due to bloat

Question 7

True or False:

increased HR and RR can indicate bloat

Answer 7

true!

Question 8

a condition animals can die from defined as happening when the body is deprived of oxygen, causing unconsciousness or death; suffocation.

Answer 8

Asphyxia

Question 9

How long could acute bloat cause death in?

Answer 9

30-40 min

Question 11

Okay so theres no resistence when passing the tube into the rumen, now you ask yourself was the free gas relieved and distension relieved yes or no what do they both indicate?

Answer 11

Yes it was relieved—–means free gas bloat

No it wasnt relieved means a frothy bloat

Question 12

• When a cow has a frothy bloat and there are multiple animals and bloat provoking diet present it indicates what kind…?
• if not multiple animals and there isnt a bloat provoking diet causing the frothy bloat what does it indicate?

Answer 12

• yes? primary bloat
• No? omasal transport failure

Question 13

What are some differentials for bloat diagnosis? (5)

Answer 13

• Ruptured bladder
• Hydroallantois
• LDA
• Abomasal volvulus
• Mesenteric volvulus

Question 14

You know theres an issue going on and there is resistance when passing the tube into the rumen and it actually enters the rumen…what does this indicate, if theres no resistance but yet is doesnt enter the rumen what does this indicate?

Answer 14

• resistance and can get to the rumen= esophageal disorder
• resistance but can’t get into the rumen=choke

Question 15

What can you do for an animal in distress presenting for a bloat emergency

Answer 15

• Trocarization
• Rumenotomy

Question 16

If the bloat is less severe and free gas what can we do to provide relief?

Answer 16

stomach tube

Question 17

If the bloat is less severe and FROTHYwhat can we do to provide relief?

Answer 17

• Polaxalene
• Vegetable oils
• Dactyle sodium sulfosuccinate

Question 18

If the free gas bloat occurs chronically what can we do for control and prevention?

Answer 18

• Chronic: temporary rumenotomy
• need to find the underlying problem
  
  • check for oesophageal obstruction
  • rumen fluid eval, oesophageal endoscopy, reticular US, exploratory laparatomy/rumenotomy

Question 19

If the cow continues to get FROTHY bloat what can we do for control and prevention?

Answer 19

• Grazing management/adaption diets
• Poloxalene (top dressing, mineral block, liquid supplement)
• Ionophores (monensin and lasolocid)

Question 20

Simple primary rumen indigestion is _____ in onset and is due to an abrupt _____ change that results in rapid _____ in rumen fermentation

Answer 20

Simple primary rumen indigestion is Acute in onset and is due to an abrupt dietary** change that results in rapid **decline in rumen fermentation

Question 21

Chronic secondary rumen indigestion is from what?

Answer 21

result of another disease (endotoxemic infection, abomasal disease, metabolic dz)

Question 22

What kinds of clinical signs do you see with primary acute rumen indigestion versus secondary?

Answer 22

• Primary
  
  • acute anorexia
  • rumen motility is reduced to absent
  • D+ commonly observed within 24 hours
• Secondary
  
  • Ruimnation absent
  • Rumen underfilled
  • Fecal production is depressed
  • +/- D+

Question 23

What are some different treatments for rumen indigestion? What if its mild?

Answer 23

• Mild: self correcting
• Rumen transfaunation
  
  • adapted to patients expected ration
  • min 3L, 8-16 L best
  • repeat after 2-3 days
• Increase rumen fill
  
  • 20-30 L of fluid
    
    • Sodium potassium salts
    • propylene glycol, niacin(ketosis)
    • Alfalfa pellets (prolonged anorexia)

Question 24

If cows on a dairy are constantly suffering from rumen indigestion, what as the vet are you going to recommened todo to one of the cows?

Answer 24

Put in a rumen fistula for easy access and assessment of feed daily to make sure it’s maintaining cows in good ruminal health!

Question 25

When dissecting out the subcut. fat to put in a rumen fistula, what muscle do you incise through FIRST and what direction of the cut?

Answer 25

External Abdominal Oblique muscle (horizontal cut)

Question 26

After incising through the external abdominal oblique muscle what muscle do you incise through next and direction is the incision?

Answer 26

Internal abdominal oblique muscle and transferse abdominal muscle incised (vertically)

Question 27

after marking the circumference of the fistula on the rumen with ____ ____ stain, what stay sutures are placed and at what location and what type of suture?

Answer 27

• crystal violet stain
• sutures (horizontal mattress pattern) are placed at 12,9,6, and 3 o clock, using vicryl 3

Question 28

what does it mean when 007 is applied around the fistula

Answer 28

oxytetracycline