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7th LAM 2 Meleah > Lecture 4. Omasal and Abomasal Disorders > Flashcards

Lecture 4. Omasal and Abomasal Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What part of the cow GI is Located toward the right of the median plane and opposing the 7th and 11th ribs

A

Omasum

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2
Q

What is the main function of the omasum

A

Provides large surface area for the absorption of :

➤ Volatile fatty acids
➤ Electrolytes
➤ Water

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3
Q

The omasum reduces _____ _____

A

feed particles

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4
Q

What is main primary disorder of the omasum?

A

Omasal impaction reported as single primary disorder

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5
Q

Feeding of rough fibrous feed during droughts or feeding machine-made wheat can causes this?

A

Omasal impaction

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6
Q

What are the clinical signs of omasal impaction?

A 
➤ anorexia
➤ dehydration
➤ abdominal distention
➤ ruminal hypomotility
➤no palpable abnormalities of intestines 
➤ empty rectum (no feces)
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7
Q

How do we diagnose omasal impaction?

A

Generally found on exploratory rumentomy when locate dissented omasum

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8
Q

How do we treat omasal impaction?

A

➤ Fluid therapy
➤ Supportive care
➤ Change diet

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9
Q

What is the only glandular organ of the abomasum and what does it secrete?

A

Abomasal (true stomach) hydrochloric acids and enzymes

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10
Q

What are some different stress factors can cause abomasal disorders?

A 
➤ Higher stocking rate
➤ Parturition
➤ Retained fetal membranes 
➤ mastitis
➤ metritis
➤ hypocalcemia
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11
Q

What different organisms can cause abomasal ulcers?

A 
➤ H.pylori?
➤ Several studies but non
conclusive
➤ Clostridium
➤ Campylobacter
➤ Streptococci
➤ Fungi
➤ C. Perfringens type A
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12
Q

List the different types of abomasal ulcers (2 main) and their (2 subtypes under each)

A

Non perforating ulcers
➤ Non bleeding ulcers(Type1)
➤ Major bleeding(TypeII)

Perforating ulcers
➤ Local peritonitis(TypeIII)
➤ Diffuse peritonitis(TypeIV)

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13
Q

Describe when we see Abomasal type 1 ulcers, what they are associated with, the CS, and when we dx them

A

➤ Periparturient period
Associated with LDAs, coliform mastitis, metritis

➤ ClinicalSigns

  • Not severely affected
  • Reduced feed intake, reduced milk production
  • Darkened,soft to fluid feces, minimal anaemia

➤ Diagnosis ONLY at necropsy

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14
Q

Describe when we see Abomasal type 2 ulcers the CS and the main one, and when/how we dx them

A

➤ ClinicalSigns

  • Black tarry feces and anemia*
  • Sharp decline in milk production, depression, +/-appetite

-Rumen motility depressed (strength and rate)

➤ Diagnosis
-Profound anaemia (PCV<15%)

-Guaiac fecal occult blood test, detects 75 ml blood loss/day

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15
Q

Describe what Abomasal type 2 ulcers are associated with and the the age/ stage of lactation gestation, and how we suspect them

A

➤ Associated with lymphosarcoma

➤ >5 year old cows

➤ Any stage of gestation and lactation

How we suspect them

➤ More gradual blood loss

➤ detectable weight loss

➤ +/-enlarged lymph nodes

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16
Q

How do we treat type 1 and 2 abomasal disorders? What about surgery?

A 
➤ Correct concurrent disease 
➤ Reduce stress
➤ Correct dietary problems
➤ Severe anemia=restore blood volume 
➤ IV fluids
➤ Wholeblood
➤min of 5L recommended (healthy cows can donate 8L) 
➤ No cross matching needed
➤ Surgery NOT recommended
➤ Aciditymodifiers?
➤ Oral administration in effective 
➤ Ranitidine(IV)can be given
17
Q

What are the CS of perforating ulcer type III?

A 
➤ Early postpartum
➤ Resemble TRP cows
➤ moderate febrile
➤ anorectic
➤ acute decrease milk
18
Q

What are the CS of perforating ulcer type IV?

A 
➤ MEDICAL ER
➤ Tachycardia (>120/min)
➤ complete rumen stasis
➤ Severe dehydration
➤ Recumbency with cold extremities
19
Q

What diagnostic test will you use for dx perforating abomasal ulcers?

A

Abdominocentesis

➤ Toxic changes in cells + intracellular bacteria

20
Q

What do you see upon abdominocentesis with type III perforating abomasal disorders?

A

➤ neutrophilic leukocytosis and hyperprotenemia
➤ hyperglobulinemia
➤ hyperfrinogenemia

21
Q

What do you see upon abdominocentesis with type IV perforating abomasal disorders?

A

➤ Severe neutropenia
➤ Severe hemoconcentration (>40%)
➤ hypoprotenemia

22
Q

How do we treat perforating ulcers?

A

➤ Broad spectrum antibiotics
➤ Restricted exercise
➤ allow a firm adhesion to develop

23
Q

Compare and contrast the prognosis of type 1-III ulcers to type IV?

A

➤ Type I-III
➤ Fair (unless associated with lymphosarcoma)

➤ Type IV
➤ GRAVE

24
Q

what side is often displaced with DA and describe the degree of rotation/location and presence of obstruction?

A

left 90%

➤ 180-degree torsion without volvulus

➤ rotation along its long axis ventral and to the left of the rumen

➤ little/no outflow obstruction occurs

25
Q

Describe a right DA and describe the degree of rotation/location and presence of obstruction

A

➤ 180-degree torsion +/- volvulus

➤ rotation about the mesenteric axis

➤ outflow obstruction AND schema if gastric arteries or veins obstructed

26
Q

What are the PREDISPOSING FACTORS FOR A DISPLACED ABOMASUM?

A

➤ Genetics?
➤ 4-7 year old dairy cows
➤ 2 weeks of lactation
➤ Periparturient Dz

27
Q

What are the months is it common to see a DISPLACED ABOMASUM during?

A

March-May

28
Q

What are the disease is it common to see a DISPLACED ABOMASUM during?

A

Metritis

29
Q

What age, breed, and gender to see a displaced abomasum?

A

4-7 years old

Dairy mainly (guernsey)

98% female

30
Q

Along with metritis, what other conditions contributes to DA?

A 
Hypocalcemia
Ineffective fiber
Mastitis
Dystocia
Ketosis fatty
Liver disease
Genetics
Dystocia
31
Q

How do we dx DA? Indicate what the ping on the right versus the left say?

A

➤ Auscultation and percussion
➤ Left “ping”
Rumen gas?

➤ Right “ping”
Gas within spiral colon or
cecum

32
Q

What do we use as the definitive diagnosis for DA

A

Abdominal exploratory

33
Q

Along with auscultation and percussion what else can be sued with DA? What is the liptack test?

A
  • Abdominal ultrsound
  • Ph analysis of fluid aspirated from viscous in question

➤ Liptack test
➤ Centesis of area below the gas ping “abomasum”
➤ Fluid pH<4.5 = Abomasum
➤ Burnt almond odor of gas

34
Q

There 2 ways to treat DA (MM and surgery) what do we do for MM?

A

➤ Usually in combination with
surgical correction

➤ Correct underlying cause

35
Q

There 2 ways to treat DA (MM and surgery) what do we do for SX?

A 
➤ Many options!
➤ Surgeon preference
➤ Direction of displacement
➤ Presence of adhesions
➤ Prior failures
  1. (roll and toggle)
  2. (right flank omentopexy)
  3. (RIGHT FLANKOMENTOABO-MASOPEXY)
  4. (LEFT FLANK ABOMASOPEXY)
  5. (RIGHT PARAMEDIAN 6. ABOMASOPEXY)
  6. (LAPAROSCOPIC ABOMASOPEXY)

7th LAM 2 Meleah (20 decks)

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