Lecture 9-Intro to immunology Flashcards
there are 2 components of the immune response to infection:
…. which is not antigen specific which happens in early phase of infection
…which is antigen specific which will happen in later phase of infection
innate immunity
adaptive immunity
The… immune response is ancient and involves barrier defenses
innate
all leukocytes are derived from…. in…
hematopoietic stem cells
bone marrow
Immune cells can go down two developmental pathways … or…
myeloid progenitor
lymphoid progenitor
Granulocytes- Basophils, eosinophils, neutrophils, and monocytes (differentiate into macrophage in tissue) and dendritic cells come from which lineage?
myeloid progenitor
Natural killer cells are…. immune cells and come from …. progenitor lineage
innate
lymphoid
T cells and B cells are… immune cells and come from the…. progenitor lineage
adaptive
lymphoid
… and… are first responders
Natural killer
neutrophils
…. cells comprise 5-15% of leukocytes. Primary job is to kill virally infected and tumor cells. They can produce cytokines for macrophages early in infection. They are lymphocytes but are NOT antigen-specific
Natural killer cells
… cells are phagocytic cells that contain arsenal of lysozyme and antibiotic proteins. They are large and have a characteristic multi lobed nucleus and make up 50-75% of leukocytes. Often first to respond to trouble and rapidly respond to chemotactic agents
Neutrophils
phagocytosis is more effective when
adaptive immune system is activated
Killing of microbuses done by… enzymes in …
lysosomal
phagolysosomes
Killing of phagocytose microbes by… and…
ROS
NO
…. are a minor cell type, comprise 1-5% of total leukocytes in blood. Not very phagocytic. They play a prominent role in response to… infections also … reactions and…
- eosinophils
- parasitic
- allergic
- asthma
Eosinophils induce their function by degranulating and releasing-
- eosinophil cationic protein
- major basic protein
- eosinophil peroxidase
- RO and reactive nitrogen intermediates
… comprise 0.2% of leukocytes, similar to mast cells which are found in tissues. Principal trigger is IgE mediated surface receptor cross-linking. Release multiple inflammatory mediators. Histamine is primary mediator. Protective during inflammation but pathological role in allergy
Basophils
monocytes turn into … in the tissue
macrophage
… are phagocytic cells and have a characteristic large nucleus, produce chemotactic agents for other leukocytes, contain arsenal of lysozyme and antibiotic proteins.
monocytes
… are extremely important for antigen presentation and clearance of dead cells and debris
monocytes
… cells are phagocytic cells and are responsible for presenting peptide antigens to lymphocytes, thus they are generally referred to as “professional” antigen presenting cells or
dendritic
monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells have an additional important function:
production of chemokine and cytokines
… are proteins produced by many different cell types that mediate inflammatory and immune reactions. They are principal mediators of communication between cells of the immune response
cytokines
… are a large family of structurally homologous, low MW cytokines that stimulate leukocytes movement and regulate the migration of leukocytes from the blood to the tissues
chemokines
The.. cell is the principal cell type that links the innate and adaptive immune response (macrophages can do this too). This is because they are… producers and … cells (but are more specialized toward antigen presentation)
dendritic
cytokine
phagocytic
